Lecture 1 Flashcards
What are advection and diffusion and how do they relate to the circulatory system? Why is advection important in relation to oxygen supply
Diffusion is the net movement of a substance from high concentration to low concentration, just as oxygen from the blood can do to enter cells. Advection isthe transfer of heat or matter by the flow of a fluid, in this case oxygen throughout the body via the bloodstream. This is because diffusion is fast over short distances but very slow over longer distances.
What vessel returns blood to the heart and vice versa? What colour?
arteries take blood away from the heart and are red except for those leading to the pulmonary system to be oxygenised. Veins take blood towards the heart and are blue, except those returning from the pulmonary system.
What must all organs have in order to distribute oxygen? What is the exception?
Specialised blood circulation vessels. There is no exception.
what are the main parts of the mammalian cardiovascular system?
The aorta (main artery of the body) flows out from the left ventricle of the heart through systemic capiliary beds where oxygen and CO2 are exchanged. after this point the blood is in veins, the two main ones are the venae cavae and they flow into the right atrium, this flows into the right ventricle which pumps the deoxygenated bloos into the pulmonary system to be oxygenised at the pulmonary capillary beds in the lungs, this blood then flows into the left atrium which then flows into the left ventricle.
Which cardiovascular systems lie in parallel and which in series? Why?
The systemic and pulmonary circuit are in series to ensure all blood gets oxygenated and carbon dioxide removed.
The individual systemic circuits are in parallel and branch off as they get further from the heart (via arteries), this ensures all organs recieve oxygen rich blood, the only exception is the liver (which still recieves used blood).
What allows blood to flow in one direction?
heart valves (bicuspid or tricuspid) and venous valves in the veins.
What is the haemodynamics equation? What is haemodynamics? Where is the highest and lowest pressure?
Haemodynamics tells us how blood will flow in either a single vessel or a full circuit and is given by pressure difference / resistance = flow. The pressure of the blood immediately leaving the hear(arterial pressure) t is the highest and the pressure immediately entering the heart is the lowest (venous pressure).
Order the resistance strengths in the systemic circulation. From highest to lowest
arterial, capilliary and venous.
