Lecture 4 28/01/13

Question 1

What is differential reinfocement?

Answer 1

Reinforcing one response class and witholding reinforcement for another

Question 2

What is being described?
Reinforcing one response class and witholding reinforcement for another

Answer 2

DIFFERENTIAL REINFORCEMENT

Question 3

What are the benefits of Differential reinforcement ? (2 points)

Answer 3

1) they are positive approaches to behaviourial reduction

2) In some cases more appropraite responses can be established.

Question 4

What does DRI stand for ?

Answer 4

Differentail Reinforcement of Incompatible behaviour

Question 5

How does DRI work?

Answer 5

1) Reinforce a behaviour that cannot occur with the problem behaviour
2) Withold reinforcement for instances of problem behaviour

Question 6

Why does DRI work ? (2 points)

Answer 6

1) The behaviours are mutally exclusive response classes

2) are of differing topgraphies that cannot co occur

Question 7

What does DRA stand for?

Answer 7

Differentail Reinforcement of Alternative behaviour

Question 8

How does DRA work? (2 points)

Answer 8

1) reinforcement of desirable alternative to problem behaviour but that is NOT necessarily incompatible
2) Reinfoecment is withheld for problem behaviour

Question 9

What is a similarity between DRA & DRI? (2 points)

Answer 9

1) The practitioner controls the development of appropraite behaviour and replacment behaviour.
2) An alternative behaviur is selected for reinforcement

Question 10

What are the guidelines for implementing DRI/DRA ? 5 points

Answer 10

Select an incompatible / alternative behaviour that:

1) Already exists in the repertoire
2) Requires equal or less effort than the problem behaviour
3) Is already emitted at a rate that provides sufficient opportunities for reinforcment
4) Likely to be reinforced in the natural environment
5) select reinforcers that can be controlled

Question 11

What are the pros of using DRA /DRI? 2 points

Answer 11

1) Is a positive behaviour change approach

2) Can teach or strengthen replacement behaviours

Question 12

What are the cons of DRA/DRI? 3 points

Answer 12

1) Is often resource intensive
2) requires that a replacment behaviours occur before the reinforcer is permitted
3) Does not always produce immediate results

Question 13

What does DNRA/ DNRI stand for?

Answer 13

Differentail Negative Reinforcment of alternative ( or incompatible) behaviour

Question 14

What type of behaviour is DNRA / DNRI most commonly used for?

Answer 14

Escape maintained behaviour

Question 15

DNRA & DRA are primary components of what type of training?

Answer 15

Functional Communication Training FCT)

Question 16

What does DRO stand for?

Answer 16

Differentail Reinforcement of Other behaviour

Question 17

How does DRO work?

Answer 17

Delivera reinforcer whenever the problem behaviour has not occured for a specific time

Question 18

Name the variations of DRO? 4 points

Answer 18

1) Whole interval DRO
2) Momentary DRO
3) Fixed interval DRO
4) Varialbe interval

Question 19

Describe Whole interval DRO?

Answer 19

Reinforcer is delivered if the behavour does not occur at all during the interval

Question 20

Waht is being described?

Reinforcer is delivered if the behavour does not occur at all during the interval

Answer 20

Whole interval DRO

Question 21

Describe momentary DRO

Answer 21

Reinforcer is delivered if the behaviour is not occuring at the end of an interval.

Question 22

What is being described?

Reinforcer is delivered if the behaviour is not occuring at the end of an interval.

Answer 22

Describe momentary DRO

Question 23

How is Variable interval DRO (VI-DRO) applied? 3 points

Answer 23

1) Establish a variable interval schedule
2) Deliver a reinforcement at the end of the interval if the problem behaviour didn’t occur during the interval
3) If problem behaviur did occur reset the interval

Question 24

What type of DRO to use?

Answer 24

Interval is used more widely. More effective for suppressing problem behaviour

Question 25

What is a limitation of DRO?

Answer 25

Reinforcement is provided if abscence of target probelm behaviour if a nontargeted problem behaviour occurs it is reinforced

Question 26

What are some of the guidelines fir using DRO? 3 points

Answer 26

1) Gradually increase the DRO interval
2) Extend to other settings & Times of day
30 Combine with other procedures

Question 27

What does DRL stand for?

Answer 27

Differential Reinforcment of Low Rates of responding

Question 28

What is DRL used for?

Answer 28

Used to decrease the frequency of the occurence of a behaviour but not eliminate it altogether

Question 29

Describe the procedure for Full session DRL

Answer 29

Reinforcment is delivered at the end of the session if during the entire session, the target behaviour occured equal to or fewer times than a pre determined criterion

Question 30

What are the 3 types of DRL?

Answer 30

1) Full session DRL
2) Interval DRL
3) Spaced responding DRL

Question 31

Describe the procedure for Interval DRL- 2 points

Answer 31

1) Divide the total session into a series of equal intervals of time
2) Provide reinforcemnt at the end of each interval in which the number of occurences of the target behaviour is equal to or below predetermined criterion

Question 32

Describe spaced responding DRL - 2 points

Answer 32

1) deliver reinforcer following the occurence og a behaviour that is seperated by at least a minimum amount of time from a previus behaviour
2) Reinforcement is contingent on increasing longer IT’s

Question 33

What is a limitation of DRL?

Answer 33

DRL is slow and does not reduce behaviour quickly