Lecture 22/01/13 Shaping, imutation,fluency & prompting

Question 1

What is shaping?

Answer 1

Is the differential reinforcment of successive approximations towards a terminal response

Question 2

What is fading?

Answer 2

fading is an antecedent manipulation - the antecedent changes the response to the same throughout.

Question 3

How is shaping different to fading?

Answer 3

Shaping is an a consequence manipulation - the antecedent remains the same the response changes.

Question 4

Describe successive approximations?

Answer 4

When shaping you differentially reinforce response which resembles some aspect of the terminal response

Question 5

How does a change in criteria occur in shaping

Answer 5

A differnt response which is a closer approxiamtion is reinforced and the intial repsonse is placed on extinction - variarbilty

Question 6

What is topography?

Answer 6

form of behaviour

e.g. writing letters

Question 7

What is frequency?

Answer 7

Number of responses / time

Question 8

What is latency?

Answer 8

time between the onset of a stimulus and a response.

Question 9

What is duration ?

Answer 9

Total time for the occurence of behaviour

Question 10

What is amplitude / magnitude?

Answer 10

response strength or force

Question 11

Describe the shaping process (6 steps)

Answer 11

1) identify the target behaviour
2) Reinforce the intial behaviour
3) Identified behaviour increases
4) Shift the criterion to closer approximity to terminal behaviour
5) Reinforce that behaviouur - put other behaviour on extinction
6) Continue until terminal behaviour is exhibited

Question 12

What are the advantages of shaping? (2)

Answer 12

1) used with reinforcement

2) Canbe combined with other procedures e.g. prompting

Question 13

What are the disadvantages of shaping ? (3)

Answer 13

1) maybe time consuming
2) Progress is not always linear - requires a skilled practitioner
3) constant monitoring is required