Lecture 17/03/13 Generalization and Maintenance

Question 1

What is generalistion ?

Answer 1

A behaviour is said to have generality if it is proved durable over time, if it appears in a wide variety of environments, or if it spreads to a wide variety of behaviours

Question 2

When is generalization said to have occured ?

Answer 2

when a behaviour is observed in a noo-training setting without having to be retrained in those settings

Question 3

What is being described? Occurence of behaviour across settings, people, responses and time.

Answer 3

generalization

Question 4

Describe generalization across time ?

Answer 4

MAINTENCE
The extent to which an individual continues ti perform a response after part of all of the intervention has been removed
Behaviour must be maintained and persist once the behaviour analyst isn’t there

Question 5

What is being described?

Behaviour must be maintained and persist once the behaviour analyst isn’t there

Answer 5

Generalization across time - maintence

Question 6

Describe generalization across settings?

Answer 6

Behaviour is emittted in a new stimulus condition (does not need to be a new setting)

Question 7

What is the instructional setting?

Answer 7

the training environment

Question 8

What is the generalization setting?

Answer 8

The environment in which you wish the behaviour to occur ( it may share characteristics with the instructional setting)

Question 9

What are these exaomples of;

1) teach a child to raise hand in special ed - regular ed.
2) buy from the school store - buy from the grocery store
3) write name on test - sign check in work

Answer 9

GENERALIZATION ACROSS SETTINGS

Question 10

What is response generalization ?

Answer 10

When an individual emits functionally equivalent, untrained responses

Question 11

What is being described? 
Reinforcement for one member of a response class increases the occurebce of other members of that class :

Answer 11

RESPONSE GENERALIZATION

Question 12

What are these examples of ;

1) taught to say hi - say hello
2) taught to build a tower with wooden blocks - build a tower with lego

Answer 12

RESPONSE GENERALIZATION

Question 13

Describe stimulus generalization

Answer 13

Tendency for similar stimuli to evoke the response - stimuli share physical properties e.g. colour, features, size, shape

Question 14

What are these examples of ;

1) Fuzzy four legged animals = dog
2) blue, purple,nav, teal = blue

Answer 14

STIMULUS GENERALIZATION

Question 15

How can we plan for generalization ? (2 points)

Answer 15

1) Select target behaviours that will come into contact with natural contingencies of reinforcement
2) Specify desirable variations of the target behaviour and the settings & situations in which you want the behaviour to occur after instruction .

Question 16

Describe TEACH SUFFICIENT EXEMPLARS

Answer 16

Increasing the degree of stimulus control
brought about by varying irrevant dimnesions of the training stimuli (e.g. colour , size) so that the more vital stimuli come to contro lthe repsonse.

Question 17

What are the following examples of ;
1) use alteranting objects of the target skill e.g. if learning to TACT ball , alterante between , footbll, rugby, beach ball ect.

Answer 17

TEACHING SUFFICIENT EXEMPLARS

Question 18

Describe TEACH ALL RESONSE TOPOGRAPHIES

Answer 18

Make sure the training employs a sample of total responses in the response class that you are teaching (e.g. categories). e.g operate all vending machines

Question 19

Describe TEACH FOR ALL POSSIBLE CONDITIONS

Answer 19

Ensure discrimination between situations in which to respond and situation in which not to respond.
Consider all relevant features to control responding under SD and Sdelta

Question 20

Describe PROGRAM COMMON STIMULI

Answer 20

Make the training environment similar to the natural environment
use stimuli in training that are likely to be found in multiple environments. have multiple trainers

Question 21

What are these examples of ;

1) use real money not play money#2) If teaching students clerical tasks such as filing use real documents

Answer 21

PROGRAM COMMON STIMULI

Question 22

Describe teach loosely ?

Answer 22

vary non crtical aspects of the instructional setting within and across sessions.

Question 23

What are these examples of ;

1) Teach a child to ask for help from everyone not just one specfic teacher
2) Vary the tone of voice, colours, sizes, shapes, object

Answer 23

TEACH LOOSELY

Question 24

Describe TEACH TO AN APPROPRIATE LEVEL

Answer 24

1) Thin schedules of reinforcement to what will maintain the behaviour in the natural environment
2) Consider features of responding e.g. latency, rate and duration.

Question 25

When should generalization probes occur?

Answer 25

Before - during - after training.

Question 26

Why would you conduct a gernaliztion probe before training ?

Answer 26

to see what skills the student has intially

Question 27

Why would you conduct a generalization probe during training?

Answer 27

to see if generalization is occuring

Question 28

Why would you conduct a generaliztion probe after training ?

Answer 28

to ensure behaviour is being maintained