Lecture 4 Flashcards
what is the direction of motor development skills?
proximal to distal and head to toe
what is essential to controlling hand and finger movements?
control and stability of joints closest to the body
when children are first learning how to grasp objects, what are the hands doing?
they use the whole hand and all fingers are doing the same thing at the same time
what can influence motor skill development?
social and cultural factors
how can you provide culturally competent care and family centred care?
-don’t assume that families adhere to cultural norms
-ask parents:what do you consider important to your child/family?
-remember: each family has unique specific caregiving routines regardless of what ethnic group they belong to
how are postural mechanisms basic components of fine motor skills?
a strong and stead trunk provides a base of support needed for activities requiring fine motor skills
its important to focus on the activity not staying upright
what is the perfect fit for trunk stability?
-feet firmly supported
-ankles, knees, hips at 90 degrees
-proper chair depth
-height of the table should be 2 inches above the height of the elbow
what are some signs of trunk instability?
slouched posture
supporting body with arms
face close to work
falling out of chair
sitting on edge of chair
what is one of the key features of children with cerebral palsy?
poor postural control
what can be beneficial for task performance for children with disabilities?
alternative postures
what can we do if a Childs feet do not touch the ground?
use a stool, container, or block of wood
what can we do if the chair is too deep/wide?
add cushion/foam to the back/side of the chair
what can we do if the desk does not fit properly?
use desk without storage compartment
adjust the desk height
adjust the chair height
what are some trunk instability solutions?
attaching arm/foot rests
higher desk surface
desk cut out
slanted desk top
wedge cushion
what do dexterous hand movements depend on?
the interaction of all UE joints such as scapulothoracic, glenohumeral, elbow and wrist joints
how is the shoulder joint relevant to fine motor skills such as writing?
muscles around the shoulder joint make it stable
to write we use slow, controlled shoulder movements
a loose shoulder joint makes fine motor activities difficult
what are some signs of shoulder instability?
-slight shoulder internal rotation, adduction, or flexion
-may hold arms close to body during fine motor activities
-shoulders may be elevated near ears
-forearm and wrist not supported when writing
-may hold fine motor tools too tightly
how is wrist extension relevant to fine motor tasks such as writing?
the best position for manipulating small objects is with the wrist in slight extension
wrist extension allows for thumb and finger opposition and arching of the hand
what are some signs of wrist instability?
elbow positioned above wrist (not stabilizing forearm)
elbow joint is slightly flexed or pronated
excessive wrist flexion
excessive ulnar deviation
what are some activities to support shoulder and wrist development?
chair pushups
animal walks
jumping rope backwards
monkey bars
yoga
what is hand strength important for?
endurance and to use the small muscles of the hands
what does fine motor skill efficiency significantly influence?
-quality of the task outcome
-speed of the task performance
how do the fixed and mobile parts of the hand adapt to everyday tasks?
by forming bony arches
what do the bony arches of the hands allow for?
so the hand can conform to objects being held