LECTURE 1

Question 1

what is the definition of motor control?

Answer 1

the ability to regulate or direct the mechanisms essential to movement

Question 2

what is the cognitive stage of motor control development?

Answer 2

skill acquisition:

-errors are common and movement is inefficient
-requires practice, repetition, and feedback

Question 3

what is the associative stage of motor control development?

Answer 3

-skill refinement
-increased performance, consistency, and efficiency
-decreased errors

Question 4

what is the autonomous stage of motor control development?

Answer 4

-retains skills and performs functional movement
-skills and transferred to different settings and refined

Question 5

what are the different practice levels and types of motor learning?

Answer 5

-massed practice (blocked practice)
-distributed practice
-variable or radom practice
-mental practice

Question 6

what is error based learning?

Answer 6

-children learn by making errors
-encourage children to explore, adjust, and evaluate their performance

Question 7

what are types of feedback for motor learning?

Answer 7

knowledge of performance
knowledge of results
verbal praise and reinforcement
immediate feedback is best
the most helpful feedback is specific and clear

Question 8

what is transfer of learning in relation to motor learning?

Answer 8

skills are best transferred when they are practice in the natural context

transfer of learning is easiest when the motor task is performed during a functional activity

Question 9

what is sequencing and adapting tasks in relation to motor learning?

Answer 9

discrete tasks are easier to accomplish than continuous tasks

closed tasks are those in which the environment is stationary during task performance

Question 10

what are some physical factors that may affect motor performance?

Answer 10

hypotonicity/hypertonicity
limited ROM
strength limitations
coordindation
sensation

Question 11

what makes children with disabilities different than an able bodied child?

Answer 11

-they play less
-interact with their peers less
-interact with their physical environment less
-other children notice they have a disability

Question 12

what are static positions?

Answer 12

require righting reactions to maintain , no wight transfer

supine
prone
side lying
sitting
quadruped/4-point kneeling
kneeling
bipedal stance

Question 13

what are dynamic positions?

Answer 13

require righting and equilibrium reactions to to weight shift to move from one position to another

rolling
belly crawling
transitions to/from sitting
transitions to/from standing
walking

Question 14

what is development of posture control linked to?

Answer 14

motor milestones

Question 15

where is CoG for a child?

Answer 15

initially it is located toward the head then it moves toward the pelvis

Question 16

what does the shift of CoG in a child allow?

Answer 16

upper body from providing static stability to dynamic mobility different weight bearing positions

independence in UE movement

dissociation of body parts -including rotation of trunk and pelvis

rotation allows for transitions between postures

Question 17

how do trunk extensors and flexors develop in a typical child?

Answer 17

in a co-ordinated fashion

Question 18

what can poor postural control lead to?

Answer 18

limited mobility and function of the head, arms, and legs

the head, arms, and legs being used to compensate for the lack of postural stability … instead of engaging in occupation