lecture 4 Flashcards
non experimental methods:
no manipulation, no iv, no control, no conclusions about cause and effect
descriptive methods :
public health data, census data, language research
can your friends make you fat example and what did they do?
took names on info on a friend or family member, had a social network, collected data over time, had lots of analyses on this data
what did the can your friends make you fat find?
if your friend becomes obese, your own chances of being obese increases. if a mutual friend becomes obese, your chances of becoming obese is even stronger.
Facebook networks example, what did they analyze?
ignored who was friended and analyzed pictures instead and looked to see whether people were smiling or not
descriptive methods have findings that are difficult:
to obtain via experiment
observational techniques:
case studies, naturalistic observation, ethnographic inquiry, focus groups, grounded theory, participatory action research
case studies:
intense observation of a single data point
pro of case studies:
possible to study rare or interesting situations
con of case studies:
results may not generalize to other situations
time sampling:
making observations at different time periods
pros of time sampling:
allows observations to generalize different times and different people
situation sampling:
observing the same behavior is several different situations
situation sampling pros:
generalizing different contexts and different people
inter observer reliability;
THE EXTENT TO WHICH MULTIPLE observers agree. used in experiments as well
correlational studies:
measurement of 2 or more variables and examines the relationship between the measured variables
3 possible outcomes of a correlation:
positive, negative, zero
tests and inventories assess:
an attribute, ability, or characteristic of a particular individual
2 types of survey:
descriptive and analytic
descriptive survey:
what proportion have a certain characteristic, has a particular opinion, engages in a certain behavior
analytic survey:
tries to determine what variables are important in predicting a particular characteristic, opinion, or behavior
types of questions:
yes- no, forced alternative, multiple choice, likert-type, open ended
how non verbal behavior influences social interactions study:
sales calls success can be predicted by recording of operators voice
successful calls:
operate speaks very little, fast large fluctuations in pitch and volume indicating interest
salary negotiations can be predicted using:
body movement and speech patterns (no words)
strong employees tended to produce more:
mirroring indicating empathy and understanding
