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Anatomy Exam 1 > Lecture 4 > Flashcards

Lecture 4 Flashcards

1
Q

structural types of cartilage

A

cartilage is a connective tissue (cells, matrix, fibers)

tough, resilient, avascular gel, capable of fast growth

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2
Q

components of cartilage

A

water

collagen (type II) protein

proteoglycans

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3
Q

what does chondr mean

A

cartilage

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4
Q

what are 3 TYPES of cartilage

A

hyaline cartilage

elastic cartilage

fibrocartilage

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5
Q

what is hyaline cartilage

A

cartilage attached to bone is HYALINE cartilage

collagen fibers

example: part of nasal septum, ribs, sternum, joint surfaces, & developing bone

most cells but least a mouth of collagen

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6
Q

what is elastic cartilage

A

elastin fibers

example: external ear, tip of nose

more elastic

rebound nice and easy

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7
Q

what is fibrocartilage
example?

A

densely inter-woven collagen fibers

example: pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs

almost identical to a tendon but it has cartilage properties

LEAST amount of cells but MOST amount of cartilage

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8
Q

is a bone a connective tissue

A

yes

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9
Q

is bone living

A

YES

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10
Q

what does bone do

A

stores calcium, fat, & makes blood cells

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11
Q

what are some functions of bone tissue

A

structural support for the body

storage of minerals (calcium) and lipids (fat)

blood cell production (hematopoiesis)

protection (rib cage, skull, spinal column)

leverage (muscle attachment = movement)

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12
Q

which of the following functions is common to both skin and bone

A

fat storage

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13
Q

what is the structure of a long bone

A

diaphysis = middle part of bone (hollow)

epiphysis = ends of bone (spongey)

metaphysis = zone between diaphysis and metaphysis

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14
Q

what is the nutrient foramen

A

hole in diaphysis for blood vessel

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15
Q

what is the medullary cavity

A

(bone marrow) cavity within diaphysis (hallow space)

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16
Q

what does yellow bone marrow contain

A

fat cells

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17
Q

what does red bone marrow contain

A

blood cells

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18
Q

what is the periosteum

A

membrane on external surface of bone

wraps around EVERY ONE of our bones

it’s a growth limiting tissue that keeps a bone from getting too big

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19
Q

what is endosteum

A

membrane on inner walls of the medullary cavity

INSIDE medullary cavity

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20
Q

what is between periosteum and endosteum

A

compact bone

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21
Q

what is compact bone composed of

A

osteons

lamellae

osteocytes

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22
Q

what is the functional unit of bone

A

osteon

23
Q

what are the holes between the lamellae

A

luncae

24
Q

what is lacunae filled with

A

osteocytes

25
Q

what do osteocytes live in

A

lacunae and they do NOT move

(adult cell)

26
Q

where do central (Haversian) canals carry nerves arteries and vessels

A

THROUGH an osteon

27
Q

where do perforating (Volkmans) canals carry nerves arteries and vessels

A

BETWEEN osteons

28
Q

what is trabecular bone

A

appears spongy

Haversian canals and osteons are modified/reduced

osteocytes and canliculi are found throughout the trabeculae

29
Q

diaphysis are usually made of what bone

A

compact

30
Q

epiphysis are usually made of what bone

A

trabecular

31
Q

bone tissue has what 4 primary types of cells

A
  1. fibroblasts
  2. osteoblasts (young cell)
  3. osteocytes (adult cell)
  4. osteoclasts (breakdown)
32
Q

what is the function of osteoblasts

A

produce new bone matrix

33
Q

what is the function of osteocytes

A

(mature cells surrounded by their OWN matrix)

cycle/recycle calcium levels in bone matrix

34
Q

what is the function of osteoclasts

A

remove bone matrix

35
Q

what are the 2 methods of bone FORMATION

A

intramembranous ossification

endochondral ossification

36
Q

what is intramembranous ossification

A

osteoblasts lay down bone matrix BETWEEN 2 membranes

NO CARTILAGE INVOLVED

(in flat bone: skull, facial bones, braincase)

  • patella is also formed via intra. ossif. = flat and develops between membranes
37
Q

what is endochondral ossification

A

osteoblasts lay down bone matrix where cartilage WAS

REPLACES CARTILAGE

chondr = cartilage

(in long bones: femur, humerus, basicranium)

38
Q

why is endochondral and intramembranous ossification important

A

endo: it is essential to the development and growth of long bones of the body

intra: is important because it allows the skull and shoulders to deform and be flexible so babies can go through birth canal

39
Q

what is the order of endochondral ossification

A

fibroblasts -> CHONDROBLASTS -> fibroblasts -> osteoblast -> osteocytes

40
Q

what is the order of intramembranous ossification

A

fibroblast -> osteoblasts -> osteocytes

41
Q

typical components of growth of lone bones

A

primary ossification center in diaphysis

secondary ossification center in epiphysis

epiphyseal plate (cartilage) between diaphysis and epiphysis

42
Q

what are epiphyseal plates used for

A

to estimate age

once you are done growing there is no more growth plate

43
Q

do primary/secondary centers expand

A

yes

44
Q

do growth plates expand?

A

yes

45
Q

if cartilage growth slows, what happens to epiphyseal plates

A

they close

46
Q

what happens when bone growth stops

A

diaphysis and epiphysis fuse together

47
Q

a plate in the bone means

A

it’s still growing

48
Q

a line in the bone means

A

the growth plate is done growing

49
Q

what is growth in bone diameter

A

appositional growth

50
Q

a new bone is made by what and where

A

osteoblasts and in periosteum

51
Q

old bone is destroyed by what and where

A

osteoclasts and in endosteum

52
Q

what is osteogenic distraction

A

break your bones to keep them growing

break it, lengthen it, break it, lengthen it

53
Q

she impaled her femur all the way through with a screw. what is the correct order of the path the screw took?

A

periosteum, compact bone, endosteum, medullary cavity, endosteum, compact bone, periosteum

Anatomy Exam 1 (8 decks)

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