Lecture 4 Flashcards
Examples of Immune Over-reaction
Autoimmune problems (Lupus, Type 1 diabetes) and Allergic reaction (Food sensitivities, eczema)
Examples of Immune Under-reaction
Cancer and Infection (Bacteria, Mold/fungus)
What the 2 forms of Immunity?
Innate and adaptive immunity
Traits of Innate Immunity
Fast, general, no diversity or specificity, no memory, first line of defence
Traits of Adaptive Immunity
Slower, specific and specialized, diverse, memory, offers selective and precise protection
Microbiology behind innate immunity
Phagocytes, dendritic cells, complement, and NK cells
Microbiology behind adaptive immunity
B lymphocytes which form antibodies, T lymphocytes and Effector T cells
Types of Innate Barriers
Anatomic and Physiologic barriers
Anatomic barriers
Skin and Mucous membranes
Physiologic barriers
Temperature, Gastric pH, Enzymes, Normal flora (good bacteria)
Innate cells
Neutrophils, Macrophages, Natural Killer cells
Neutrophils
Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell that help heals damaged tissues and resolves infections
Marcrophages
Recognize pathogens via Fc and complement receptors;
Phagocytose pathogens
Natural Killer Cells
Seek out abnormal cells (cancer or infected with virus) and kill them
Phagocytes
Cells that have the ability to ingest, and possibly digest, foreign particles, such as bacteria, carbon, dust, or dye
Innate Proteins
Acute phase reactants and complement
Acute phase reactants
Serum concentrations increase or decrease by at least 25% during inflammatory states (examples, ESR, CRP, Ferritin)
Complement
Produced by a predecessor protein or in response to the presence of foreign material in the body and that triggers or participates in a complement reaction (enhances the ability of antibodies)
Adaptive Immunity cells
Antigen presenting cells, lymphocytes including B-cells and T-cells
Types of T-cells
CD4 and CD8
Types of adaptive immunity reactions
Humoral and cell mediated reactions