lecture 39 - obesity Flashcards
how does the world health organisation classify obesity
BMI
what percentage of men and women are overweight in NZ
42% men and 30% women
what percentage of men and women are obese in NZ
20% of men and 22% women
what makes brown fat different
many mitochondria and fat droplets
where is uncoupling protein found
originally found in brown fat, present in inner mitochondrial membrane
what are UCP’s (uncoupling proteins)
regulated proton channels in the membrane (i.e holes)
what do uncoupling protons do, and what does this result in
“uncouple” ATP synthesis from fatty acid oxidation
- electrochemical potential gradient dissipates, releasing heat
- therefore increases metabolic rate and burns excess fuels
what is diet induced thermogenesis
research has found brown adipose tissue (BAT) in adults could be a way of burning off excess fat
how do BAT orientated strategies work to combat obesity
- stimulate exsisting BAT
- switch on brown fat differentiation and growth
- transplantation of engineered BAT
how does switching on brown fat differentiation work
- can switch a transcription factor skeletal muscle could be changed into brown adipose tissue
- also used the transcription factor in white adipose tissue and these cells also converted to brown adipose tissue
does obesity have a genetic component
yes
what is the obese gene
codes for leptin a 16 kDa protein
what does leptin do
signals the brain to :
- decrease food intake
- increase energy expenditure
what do humans secrete from adipose tissue
humans secrete leptin from adipose tissue
where are the leptin receptors in humans
have leptin receptors in the brain
