lecture 37 - exercise Flashcards
what is anaerobic exercise
- high intensity
- rapid generation of force
- short periods
= sprinting, weight lifting, high jumpers
what is aerobic exercise
- low intensity
- prolonged, sustained exercise
= long distance running or swimming
what ways does muscle have of regenerating ATP from ADP
anerobic exercise = phosphocreatine and glycogen (does not require O2)
aerobic exercise = oxidation of glucose and fatty acids (requires O2)
what is phosphocreatine considered
on site “fast fuel”
how long does energy from phosphocreatine last
around 10 seconds
how does the phosphate creatine energy system work
phosphate can be transferred to ADP to make ATP
what is glycogen considered
is an ‘on site’ store of glucose in muscle
how is glycogen made into glucose-6-phosphate as a fuel for anerobic glycolysis
- glycogen is mobilised to glucose-1-phosphate by glycogen phosphorylase
- glucose-1-phosphate is converted to glucose-6-phosphate
- glucose-6-phosphate is the fuel for anaerobic glycolysis
how does glycogen phosphorylase and de branching enzyme work to mobilise glycogen
- glycogen phosphorylase attacks the ends of branches, thousands of glucose are cleaved off immediately
- de branching enzyme increases the number of ends by breaking down the structure
how is ATP generated by anaerobic glycolysis
ATP generated by substrate-level-phosphorylation
- rapid but for short time only
what is produced because of anaerobic glycolysis and what does this mean
lactate can cause muscle pH to drop = fatigue
how is NAD+ regenerated for anaerobic glycolysis
pyruvate reduced to lactate to regenerate NAD+
what is glycogen mobilisation stimulated by in exercising muscle
by Ca+ and adrenaline (stress hormone)
what increases phosphofructokinase activity
increased by allosteric regulators
what can AMP do
AMP can up regulate glycolysis, to get things to go through glycolysis as fast as possible
