Lecture 39 - Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Pelvic Diaphragm

A

o separates pelvis and perineum
o formed largely by levator ani muscle
o contains opening for pelvic viscera

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2
Q

Levator ani

A

o puborectalis (faecal continence) (inner)
o pubococcygeus (middle)
o iliococcygeus (outer)

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3
Q

Perineal membrane

A

o superficial to pelvic diaphragm
o covers urogenital triangle
o opening for urethra (male and female) and vagina (female)

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4
Q

deep perineal pouch

A

o space above perineal membrane and below levator ani
o contains skeletal muscle that forms sphincters around urethra and vagina

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5
Q

childbirth

A

o Levator ani and perineal membrane can be injured during childbirth
o Puborectalis and pubococcygeus often torn
o Muscles in deep perineal pouch can also be involved
o In females these muscle support urethra, uterus, vagina, and rectum
o Urinary stress incontinence and prolapse of uterus may result, and even faecal incontinence

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6
Q

ovary

A

o Adjacent to lateral wall of pelvix
o In peritoneal cavity
o Posterior to broach ligament
o Attached to uterus by ligament of ovary

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7
Q

fallopian (uterine) tube

A

o Projects laterally, open adjacent to ovaries
o Starts with (inner to outer)
o Isthmus – ampulla – infundibulum

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8
Q

infundibulum

A

Funnel-shaped with fimbriae, facilitates collection of oocytes

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9
Q

ampulla

A

Relatively large, labyrinthine lumen (fertilization)

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10
Q

Isthmus

A

Narrow portion, connects to uterus

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11
Q

Uterus

A

thick-walled muscular organ; facilitates development of embryo

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12
Q

endometrium

A

inner lining; supports pregnancy, shed during menstrual cycle

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13
Q

Cervix

A

opens inferiorly into vagina, uterus is supported best at cervix

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14
Q

fertilization and implantation

A

o fertilization usually occurs in ampulla
o implantation is usually in the body of the uterus

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15
Q

ectopic (extrauterine) pregnancy

A

implantation anywhere other than the endometrial lining, can occur at different locations

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16
Q

position of uterus (when bladder is empty)

A

o anteverted (AV) relative to vagina
o anteflexed (AF) over bladder
o cervix opens into posterior wall of vagina

17
Q

vagina

A

o muscular passage connecting uterine cavity to exterior
o between urethra and rectum

18
Q

peritoneal folds

A

o fold over top of pelvic viscera
o folds come together over uterine tubes to form broad ligament
o ligament of ovary formed by folds over ovarian vessels
o ovaries are within inner layer of peritoneum = intra-peritoneal

19
Q

fluid in peritoneal cavity

A

o lying on back
o fluid collects in recto-uterine puch
o syringe through posterior part of vaginal fornix
o aspiration of fluid

20
Q

female external genitalia

A
  • vulva/pudendum
  • labia minora
  • vestibule
  • labia majora
21
Q

vulva/pudendum

A

erectile tissues and overlying skins

22
Q

vestibule

A

area between labia minora, contains openings of urethra and vagina

23
Q

labia minora

A

o Two thin skin folds next to midline
o come together anteriorly at glans clitoris

24
Q

labia majora

A

o Larger skin folds, lateral to labia minora

25
perineal membrane and pubic arch
Attachment for roots of external genitalia
26
erectile tissues
2 corpora cavernosa, 2 bulbs of vestibule, glans clitoris (anterior to urethra, not covered by skin)
27
greater vestibular glands
Posterior to the bulbs, open into the vestibule, secreting mucous secretions that lubricate
28
ischiocavernosus muscles
Covers attached parts of corpora cavernosa, maintain erection of clitoris
29
bulbospongiosus muscles
Covers bulbs of vestibule and greater vestibular gland, support pelvic floor, assist in erection of clitoris, compress greater vestibular gland