Lecture 21 - upper limb #1

Question 1

Identify, name, classify and orientate all bones in the shoulder girdle, arm and forearm

Answer 1

clavicle, scapula, clavicular joints, humerus, elbow joint, radius, glenohumeral joint, ulna

Question 2

clavicle

Answer 2

i. Long bone
ii. Provides only upper limb articulation between the appendicular and axial skeletons
iii. Protects underlying neurovasculature
iv. Sternal and acromial ends
v. Distinct ‘s’ shape
vi. Roughened inferior surface

Question 3

scapula

Answer 3

i. Flat bone
ii. Significant muscle attachment
iii. Spine of the scapula
iv. Processes (acromion and coracoid)
v. Fossae for (mm. attachment)
vi. Glenoid fossa

Question 4

clavicular joints

Answer 4

i. Sternoclavicular joint
1. Saddle joint (synovial)
2. Intraarticular disc
3. Strong capsule and costoclavicular ligament
ii. Acromioclavicular joint
1. Plane joint (synovial)
2. Strong Cora clavicular ligament but weak capsule

Question 5

humerus

Answer 5

i. Long bone
ii. Head
iii. Neck (anatomical and surgical)
iv. Tubercles (greater and lesser)
v. Bicipital/intertubercular groove
vi. Epicondyles (lateral and medial)
vii. Condyles (capitulum and trochlea)

Question 6

glenohumeral joint (shoulder)

Answer 6

i. Ball and socket joint (synovial)
ii. Large humeral head + shallow glenoid fossa = relatively ‘incongruent’

Question 7

ulna

Answer 7

i. Long bone
ii. Medial bone
iii. Head
iv. Styloid process
v. Radial notch
vi. Trochlear notch
vii. Olecranon process
viii. Ulnar tuberosity

Question 8

radius

Answer 8

i. Long bone
ii. Lateral bone
iii. Head
iv. Radial tuberosity
v. Ulnar notch
vi. Styloid process

Question 9

elbow joint

Answer 9

i. Hinge joint (synovial)
ii. Strong collateral ligament support
iii. Humero-ulnar is the primary bony contact. Radius contacts humorous when moving into flexion
iv. Shares synovial cavity with proximal radio-ulnar joint

Question 10

Identify, name, classify and orientate the major bone groups in the wrist and hand

Answer 10

a. Proximal radioulnar joint
i. Pivot joint
ii. Radial head   radial notch on the ulnar
iii. Annular ligament encircles the radial head
b. Distal radioulnar joint
i. Pivot joint
ii. Ulnar head   ulnar notch on the radius

Question 11

Orientate the collective wrist-hand complex

Answer 11

a. Radiocarpal joint (wrist)
i. Condyloid/ellipsoid (synovial) joint
ii. Articular disc between ulnar and carpals
iii. Ligamentous support is very complex
b. Joints of the hand
i. 8 carpal bones and 5 metacarpal bones
ii. 1st CMC joint = saddle joint (thumb)
iii. 2nd-5th CMC joints – plane joints
c. Joints of the fingers
i. 14 phalanges
ii. Metacarpophalangeal joints = condyloid joints
iii. Interphalangeal joints = hinge joints

Question 12

movements possible at the major articulations of the upper limb

Answer 12

a. Hinge
b. Pivot
c. Saddle
d. Plane
e. Condyloid
f. Ball and socket