lecture 37 - immune insufficiency & over activity Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 2 main cause of immune system insufficiency?

A

Genetic or induced by viruses.

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2
Q

What is severe combined immunodeficiency?

A

A genetic condition in which affected individuals lack T cells and B cells, so have limited adaptive immunity

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3
Q

What is the mode of inheritance of SCID (severe combined immunodeficiency)?

A

X linked recessive

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4
Q

How does HIV target the immune system?

A

It targets CD4 T cells of the adaptive immune system

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5
Q

How does HIV destroy T cells?

A

By binding to CD4 receptors on T cells, which allows them to enter and destroy them.

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6
Q

What are the effects on the destruction of CD4 T cells by HIV virus?

A

Loss of humoral (B cell and antibody) and cytoxic responses, so overall suppressed immunity.

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7
Q

How is autoimmune disease usually prevented?

A

The thymus identifies and deletes auto reactive T cells and bone marrow removes auto reactive B cells.

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8
Q

What is rheumatoid arthritis?

A

An autoimmune condition, in which auto reactive T and B cells attack self-antigens produced in joints

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9
Q

What is type 1 diabetes, in terms of auto immunology?

A

Auto-reactive lymphocytes attack beta cells of the pancreas, meaning sufficient insulin cannot be secreted.

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10
Q

What is the name for an antigen that causes an allergic reaction?

A

Allergen

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11
Q

What are the range of outcomes for an allergic reaction?

A

Hayfever to systemic anaphylaxis.

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12
Q

What is the process of an allergic reaction?

A

Dendritic cells present peptides from allergens to helper T cells, which activate B cells to secrete IgE. Secreted IgE binds to mast cell receptors, triggering degranulation and the release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators.

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