lecture 3 - skeleton structure Flashcards
How do bones aid in body movement?
They act as levers
What do bones store, and how?
Minerals and trace elements in bone matrix
Where do bones form red blood cells?
In the red bone marrow, within the medullary cavity
What are the two types of bone?
Compact and cancellous
What is compact bone?
Bone which is strong and has densely packed crystals that transmit force in one direction
What bones are light and spongy?
Cancellous bones
Why are cancellous bones shock absorbing?
They have multidirectional sruts which allow force to be absorbed from joint surfaces that experience stress from multiple directions.
What are the four classes of bone?
Long, short, flat, irregular
What is the shape of long bones?
Longer than they are wide
What are the parts of a long bone? (2)
Diaphysis and two epiphyses
What is the diaphysis and what type of bone is it mostly constructed from?
The long, slender part of a long bone, mainly made of compact bone.
What are epiphyses?
The larger rounded parts at the top and/or bottom of long bones, that are wider than the diaphysis.
What are the two epiphyses of a long bone, and how are they named?
Proximal and distal, named for their relativity to the attachment of the limb to the trunk.
What is the cavity inside of a bone called?
Medullary cavity
What is the shape of short bones?
Approximately equal length and width
What type of bone is the rib?
Flat bone
What type of bone are short bones mostly made up of?
Cancellous bone
What is the flat part of flat bones often used for?
Muscle attachment
What are the key roles of flat bones? (2)
Protection and muscle attachment
What is the structure of the flat bones of the cranium?
Outer layer of compact bone filled with layers of spongey cancellous bone
What are flat bones predominantly made up of?
Compact bone
What do irregular bones often contain?
A foramen
What is a foramen?
A boney hole/arch through which nerves or blood vessels pass.
What are the divisions of the skeleton?
Axial and Appendicular