Lecture 35. Youth Flashcards

Question

trend with depressive symptoms, factors

Answer 1

having 2 or more minorities, marginalised ethnicities, or identities increases the risk of depressive symptoms

Answer 2

* Increase in suicide attempts - especially for males * Highest in communities exposed to socioeconomic deprivation

Answer 3

Aspects affecting early development (2000-2005) parents experienced economic and social instabilities • Experience of young people when they younger – Increased parental monitoring, parental stress/financial, geopolitical polarisation → overprotection and low resilience ‘

Answer 4

Contemporary 2012- current aspects Social media, internet access, smartphones • Increase use → poor mental health mediated by other factors – Decline in exercise (NZ health survey data, 15-17 yr olds), ‘risk taking’, not talking to parents, reduced sleep, online bullying • Increasing perfectionism, emphasis on exceptionalism, individual achievement

Answer 5

Impact of job insecurities, housing affordability, climate crisis, political polarisation

Answer 6

- mental health and pressure - social media and tech - bleak futures, climate change - risky choices

Answer 7

- mental health and pressure - social media and tech - bleak futures, climate change - risky choices

Answer 8

**Who is not represented?** **Problem: Recruitment bias** eg. the older the students get the more they get along with teachers. Or is it that the ones that don't get along drop out? **Examining ‘causal relationships’** * Cross-sectional studies (like Youth2000 surveys) can collect data on many exposures & outcomes of interest at the same time * We don’t know which comes first -reverse causality It is difficult to know which came first (exposure or outcome of interest) in cross-sectional surveys when questions refer to similar recall periods • This means the Bradford Hill aspect of ‘temporality’ is unlikely to be fulfilled (Module 2) **How reliable might this information be? (Measurement bias)** * We can never be entirely certain! * But, the survey was Anonymous and confidential which would increase the likelihood of honesty and * Self-reported information (directly entered into an internet tablet rather than responding to an interviewer). This reduces but does not eliminate the likelihood that respondents are providing socially desirable rather than completely honest answers. **Use of technology for collecting data** Better response rates BUT * Students with some disabilities or language difficulties may not complete the survey - Recruitment bias * Can’t get back to youth whose responses may indicate they are vulnerable or at risk (because the survey is anonymous). Reflecting on the health outcomes, but did not get the opportunity to get help → Youth19: Opportunity for students to opt-in to receive digital health and wellbeing resources

Answer 9

-not the answer→ needs to address the upstream determinants BUT can be implemented in the meantime → act to increase resilience → improve connection

Answer 10

‘Resilience’ refers to the ability to spring back despite adversity * People with various protective (or resiliency) factors may be less vulnerable to harm despite exposure to risk * The presence of resiliency factors is associated with a reduction in health risk behaviors

Answer 11

-higher social cohesion→ better wellbeing

Answer 12

* Promote bonding and positive connections to family school, community * Promote social, emotional, cognitive, behavioural, and moral competence * Foster spirituality * Foster self-efficacy (belief in ability to perform & achieve goals) * Foster clear and positive identity * Foster belief in the future * Provide recognition for positive behaviour * Foster healthy standards for behavior