Lecture 22. Inequalities and inequities in Pop.Health

Question 1

Equity vs Equality

Answer 1

Equality- everyone gets the same

Equity-distributed by need

Question 2

Inequities vs Inequalities?

Answer 2

Inequalities- differences in health experience and outcomes between
different population groups - according to SEP, area, age, disability, gender,
ethnic group

Inequities- Those inequalities that are deemed to be unfair or stemming from some form of injustice.
• Health inequities are differences in the distribution of
resources/services across populations that do not reflect health needs
• Relations of equal and unequal power. political, social, and economic

Question 3

What does PROGRESS stand for?

Answer 3

• Place of residence
• Race/ethnicity/culture/language
• Occupation
• Gender/sex
• Religion
• Education
• Socioeconomic status
• Social capital

+ disability

Used to identify the groups that are affected by inequity

Question 4

Relative and absolute inequalities

Answer 4

Relative- rate ratio

The absolute- rate difference

Question 5

what is commonly CG?

Answer 5

most advantaged group

Question 6

reasons for reducing inequities

Answer 6

1. They are unfair
2. They are avoidable
3. They affect everybody
4. Reducing inequities can be cost effective

Question 7

The lorenz curve and gini coefficient

Answer 7

demonstrates the distribution of wealth in % of population

the more concave the curve is the greater the income inequality

gini coefficient- the ratio of the area between the line of perfect equality and
the observed Lorenz curve to the area between the line of perfect equality and the line of perfect inequality.
Gini =(A)/(A+B)
0 = very equal society
1 = very unequal society

Question 8

Implications of income inequality

Answer 8

 An unequal society
 Less social cohesion
 Less trust between groups
 Increased stress
 Reduced economic productivity
 Poorer health outcomes

Question 9

How can inequities be reduced?

Answer 9

Through the redistribution of resources according to need