Lecture 32 - Heart Failure

Question 1

Typical symptoms of heart failure?

Answer 1

shortness of breath, exercise limitation and fatigue, peripheral and/or pulmonary congestion - with cardiac structure or function abnormality

Question 2

HF physical findings?

Answer 2

tachycardia, elevated JVP, third heart sound, peripherl oedema

Question 3

Reduced ejection fraction?

Answer 3

systolic heart failure - weakenedd heart muscles causes less blood pumped out of ventricles (men)

Question 4

Preserved ejection fraction?

Answer 4

diastolic heart failure - stiff heart muscles means ventricles filled less (women)

Question 5

Normal ejection fraction?

Answer 5

50-75%

Question 6

Laplace’s Law prediction - HFrEF?

Answer 6

increasing radius leads to increased tension

Question 7

Laplace’s Law prediction - HFpEF?

Answer 7

increasing wall thickness reduces tension, but at expense of filling