Lecture 31- Kaupapa Maori Flashcards
How does Kaupapa Maori psychology relate to the discipline of Indigenous Psychology?
It’s a global leader in the field of indigenous psychology
Note: that it doesn’t neatly just fit into this nested framework of psychology it overlaps with a lot of other areas
Who are two leading researchers in Kaupapa Maori psychology?
Graham Hingangaroa Smith
Linda Tuhiwai Smith
What does Graham Hingangaroa have to say about the field of Kaupapa Maori Psychology?
- Wasn’t just about the language: duality (about language and culture more broadly)
- Also not just about improving deficits (I.e. Māori students underperforming) but about promoting Māori + education in a way that lifts students up
- It’s a movement for the people as opposed to be being based on the research or publishing findings
What do Walker, Eketone & Gibbs (2006) say about Kaupapa Maori research (i.e. what is it?)?
By Māori, for Māori, and with Māori
Kaupapa Māori research:
• gives full recognition to Maori cultural values and systems
• is a strategic position that challenges dominant Pakeha (non-Maori)
constructions of research
• determines the assumptions, values, key ideas, and priorities of research;
• ensures that Maori maintain conceptual, methodological, and interpretive
control over research
• is a philosophy that guides Maori research and ensures that Maori protocol
will be followed during research processes
What are the 5 core principles of Kaupapa Maori?
- Tino rangatiratanga (self- determination, independence from the government, autonomy)
- Social justice
- Māori world-view
- Te reo Māori
- Whānau
What are the two foundations of Kaupapa Maori?
Recognizing, challenge and transforming oppressive colonial structures
Promote and advance Te Ao Māori using our own knowledge, values, and processes as accepted in their own right
Is Kaupapa Maori about rejecting Pakeha thinking?
No, it’s stupid to say that after living with Pakeha for so long Maori and their ways of thinking are not influenced by them. Instead the discipline focuses on empowering Maori, hapu and iwi to carve out new possibilities, and to determine in their own ways, their past present and future identities + lives.
What is the braided rivers model?
Originally: Western stream of knowledge and Māori stream on opposite sides
Thought for a long time had to take one side.
Now: Researchers like Angus Macfarlane & Sonja Macfarlane (2019) proposed blending the knowledge streams. This combined knowledge/ view points are more powerful than either individual stream.
What study was carried out by Mohi Rua, Darrin Hodgetts and Ottilie Stolte in 2017? What was the focus of the study?
Māori men: An indigenous psychological perspective on the interconnected self:
Focuses on how Māori men draw upon their culturally patterned relationships with other people, traditions, objects and places to construct their sense of self. Consider the role Māori cultural concepts have had in the participants ability to flourish.
Basically: “How they ‘do’ being men in the world”
In the indigenous psychological perspective on the interconnected self study how was the method carried out?
-In-depth, one-on-one, qualitative interviews with five Māori men
Ethnographic approach:
-Observe the participants within their everyday context through observation and participating in shared practices
-Emphasis on joint interpretation of their lives rather than obtaining information to be analyzed solely by researchers (to benefit the individual as well)
How was the analysis + results carried out in the indigenous psychological perspective on the interconnected self study?
Analysis:
Ethnographic, but more than describing specific stories
Analysis drew upon Māori systems of knowledge and understanding as
the key interpretative and analytical framework
Results:
- Tūrangawaewae, marae and the interconnected Māori self
- Whānau (family + relationships are important!)
- Kaumātua
- Whakapapa and Whanaungatanga as relational constructs
Knowing who they were an where they came from was really important
How was the marae important in interconnected Maori self?
The marae is the repository of all the historical things, of all the traditions, all the mythology and other things which make up the tangibles of Māoriness. It’s a place where the men can be distinctively Maori.
What are Kaumātua?
Kaumātua are seen as pillars of tradition within Māori culture who offer wisdom, humility and a living link to the past [remember interconnect maori self]
If interconnected Maori self something that can be experienced cognitively?
Not simply, it must be experienced materially as well
What does the interconnected Maori study show in terms of future study?
Supports the idea that further work on identity should include capable
understanding of the socio-cultural context of an individual or group of
individuals.
What was the study called/ idea behind it by Carla Houkamau (2017)?
Identity construction and reconstruction: The role of socio-historical contexts in shaping Māori women’s identity
Link between intergenerational macro-societal factors and personal experiences of 35 Māori women from three age groups.
• What it means to be Maori is different to different cohorts of Māori women?
• What did the context of growing up in different times have on Māori identity?
What is the method of the study by Houkamau on the identity of Maori women?
35 Māori women aged 18 to 78 years old asked to describe their Māori identity
by recounting the story of their life from year to year until the time they were interviewed
- Nineteen were aged between 60 and 75
- eight between 35 and 60
- eight between 18 and 35.
Rather than explaining every event recalled, women were asked to focus on
how they interpreted what it meant to be Māori and the events/people/experience that shaped those beliefs.
What did the three groups of Maori women represent in the Houkamau study?
- Māori urbanization after the 1950s
- The drive towards Māori assimilation which underpinned Government policy
towards Māori until the late 1960s (including overt racism experienced by
participants during that time) - The Māori political and cultural renaissance which came into effect from the
1970s.
What does grounded theory mean as a concept in Kaupapa Maori research?
Theory grounded in the actual lived experience of the participants. How individuals construct identity within personal life stories. Identity was treated as ‘held’ within life stories
What were the results in the Socio-historical contexts shaping Maori women’s identity study?
A critical feature of this research was linking ecological factors to the broader socio-historical contexts in which women were born and raised. This was achieved through excerpts from life stories that are then used to demonstrate how socio-historical factors shaped women’s identities
Older group: Traditional Māori society remained in place for Māori until the 1960s.
Reflecting these circumstances, women over 60 associated these ideas to
their Māori identities. It was the norm they didn’t think about it much.
Middle group: ‘the lost generation’. With Urbanisation many Māori parents tried to distance their children from their Māori identity and culture. Think Pakeha is better.
Youngest group: Proud to be Māori and learn about Māori culture, history and language. Operate effectively within both Māori and Pakeha (different to the older group where could only operate effectively within their own culture/ societies)
What it means to be Māori has shifted dramatically. They have adapted to fit according to their contexts.
