Lecture 30 - Postnatal Development Flashcards
Define - Parturition
Parturition: birth
What happens before labour?
Before labor get:
- Incr estrogen
- Incr receptors for oxytocin in muscle cells of uterus
- decr effect of progesterone on the muscle activity of the muscles in the uterus
- muscle in uterus becomes irritable and weak and irregular contractions start = Braxton hicks = false labour
What 2 signals convert false labor to real labor?
1) Increase oxytocin
- bc have more receptors for oxytocin in muscle cells
- oxytocin stims myometrium to contract
2) Stims an increase in prostaglandin production and release from the placenta
- makes contractions more frequent and vigorous
What is the goal of labor?
partuition
What are the stages of labor?
1) dilation
2) expulsion
3) placental
Describe the first stage of labor : Dilation
Start:
End:
Details:
Describe the first stage of labor : Dilation
Start: onset of true labor
End: when cervix is dilated by babies head (10 cm)
Duration: 8 hours max, contractions every 10-30 minutes
Details: Fetus begins to move down the cervical canal, as it descends thru the birth canal and the head of the the fetus rotates so that its head rotates to the anterior posterior position
Late in the stage: amnion may ruptire
In which stage of labour does the amnion rupture?
Dilation
Describe the second stage of labor : Expulsion
Start:
End:
Details:
Expulsion
Start: Begins when the cervix is completely dilated
End:
Details:
- contractions every 2-3 minutes
- completed within 2 hours
- continues until the fetus has emerged from the vagina
- skull serves as physical wedge
Define - Episiotomy
Episiotomy: to enlarge the passageway for baby if the vaginal canal is too small or if danger of the peritoneal tearing
What are the 2 types of epiosiotomy’s
Midline incision
Mediolateral inscision
Episiotomy - Midline incision
What:
Advantage:
Disadvantage:
Episiotomy - Midline incision
What: cut on midline
Advantage: don’t but muscle, fewer bc, no major nerves. good sex, efficient repair and healing, minimal pain
Disadvantage: can destroy anal sphincter
Episiotomy - Mediolateral incision
What:
Advantage:
Disadvantage:
Episiotomy - Mediolateral incision
What: cut mediolaterally
Advantage: no worry about anus
Disadvantage: cut skin, muscle, larger bv, nerves, bloody, painful, bad sex
Define - C sectionq
Incision in the abdominal wall, uterus is opened enough to allow passage of head
How long is the neonatal period
birth to 1 month
fetus -> infant
What does the apgar score assess
APGAR: presence of newborn survival and presence of neurological damage
