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ANA > Lecture 21 - Male Reproductive > Flashcards

Lecture 21 - Male Reproductive Flashcards

1
Q

How long is the epididymis?

A

4cm long = length of epididymis

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2
Q

Where is the epididymis located?

A

Epididymis
Location = in scrotum, btwn the seminiferous tubules and the vas deferens

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3
Q

Which border of the testes does the epididymis occupy?

A

The posterior border

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4
Q

Describe the structure and their functions of the - Epididymis

A

Head:
- contains and receives sperm from the seminiferous tubules
- forms a cap around the upper pole of the testes

Body:
- lies on the posterior boarder of the testes and contains the highly coiled duct of epididymis

Tail:
- near the inferior boarder of the testes
- no coiling
- reverses its direction and ascends into the ductus deferens
- stores sperm
- continuous with the vas deferens

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5
Q

Where are sperm stored

A

Tail of epididymis = stores sperm

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6
Q

Describe the histology of the Epididymis

A

Epididymis - Histology
- lined with pseudostratified columnar epithelium with stereocilia (microvilli)
- regulates the composition of tubular fluid
- walls contain smooth muscle and peristaltic contractions move sperm thru the duct

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7
Q

What are the functions of the epididymis (3)

A

Epididymis
1) Monitor and adjust fluid composition form seminiferous tubules
2) Recycle damaged sperm
3) Storage and functional maturation of sperm

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8
Q

How long are the ductus deferens?

A

45 cm long = length of ductus deferens

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9
Q

Where does the ductus deferens start and end?

A

Start: epididymis
End: ejaculatory duct

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10
Q

What forms the ejaculatory duct

A

The ductus deferens joins the seminal vesicles to form the ejaculatory duct

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11
Q

What part of the ductus deferens joins the ejaculatory ductqq

A

the ampulla of the ductus deferens joins the seminal vesicles to form the ejaculatory duct

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12
Q

Where does the ejaculatory duct empty into the urethera?

A

In the prostate the ejaculatory duct empties into the urethra

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13
Q

What is the composition of the ductus deferens epithelium?

A

Vas deferens = pseudostratified columnar epithelium with sterocilia

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14
Q

How many layer of muscle does the vas deferens have

A

3 - in and out long, mid circle

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15
Q

What is the function of the vas deferens?

A

Vas deferens = conveys sperm during sexual arousal from the epididymis towards the urethra by peristaltic contractions
- can store sperm, but will eventually reabsorb if not used

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16
Q

What forms the ejaculatory duct

A

The union of the seminal vesicle and the ampulla of the ductus deferens fomes the ejaculatory duct

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17
Q

Urethra length =

A

Urethra length = 15-20cm

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18
Q

Urethra purpose (male)

A

Urethra = passageway for semen and urine

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19
Q

Describe the pathway of the urethra (male)

A

Thru: prostate -> deep muscles of the peritoneum -> penis

20
Q

What are the 3 subdivisions of the urethra? (male)

A
  • prostatic urethra
  • membranous urethra
  • spongy urethra
21
Q

Where does the urethra end (male)

A

The urethra ends at the external urethral orfice

22
Q

Seminal vesicles - Location

A

Seminal vesicles = located on posterior surface of the bladder in front of the rectum

23
Q

Of the male accessory glands, which is the ‘ large coiled tubular glands’?

A

The seminal vesicles are large coiled tubular glands

24
Q

What is the epithelium of the seminal vesicles - what does it depend on?

A

The seminal vesicles are:
pseudostratified or cuboidal
- depends on the levels of testosterone

25
Q

What so the seminal vesicles secrete?

A

Seminal vesicles secrete:
- alkaline viscous fluid = seminal fluid
- contains fructose, ascorbic acid, coagulating enzymes, clotting proteins, and prostaglandin

26
Q

What % of semen comes from the seminal vesicles?

A

60% - seminal vesicles

27
Q

How many prostate glands?

A

1

28
Q

What % of semen is produced by the prostate gland?

A

Prostate gland produces 30% of semen

29
Q

What does the prostate gland secrete?

A

The prostate gland secretes “prostatic fluid”
- alkaline secretion 7.28 pH
- milky
- seminal plasma = antibiotic
- citrate = makes sperm active

30
Q

What is the prostate composed of?

A

The prostate is composed of 30-50 tubular glands embedded in smooth muscle

31
Q

What is the epithelium of the prostate gland composed of?

A

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

32
Q

What do the bulbourethral glands secrete

A

Bulbourethral glands secrete:
- thick, clear, alkaline mucous that drains into the penile urethra
- secretion is released before ejaculation to neutralize traces of acidic urine in the urethra and to lubricate the urethra and penis

33
Q

What is the epithelium of the bulbourethral glands?

A

simple columnar epithelium = bulbourethral glands

34
Q

What are the functions of the accessory glands (3)?

A

1) Seminal glands secrete an alkaline, viscous fluid that helps neutralize female genetailia tract after ejaculation

2) The prostate secretes a milky, slightly acidic fluid that contains enzymes that break down clotting proteins from the seminal glands

3) Bulbourethral glands secrete alkaline fluid that neutralizes the acidic environment of the urethra and mucous that lubricates the lining of the urethra and the penis for sex

35
Q

What is the composition of semen?

A

2-5 ml – 20-100 million sperm
- 60% seminal vesicles
- 30% prostate
- 5% sustentacular cells
- < 5% bulbourethral cells

36
Q

Why does semen coagulate within 5 minutes of ejaculation?

A
  • coagulates within 5 minutes due to the presence of clotting proteins from seminal vesicles
37
Q

What functions to liquidify semen

A

fibrinolysin functions to liquidfy semes

38
Q

What are the 3 parts of the p

A

-Root
- Body
- Glans

39
Q

Describe the different portions of the penis

A

Root:
- fixed portion that attaches the penis to the ischium

Body:
- tubular moveable portion
- consists of errectile tissue

Glan:
- extended distal end
- surrounds the urethral meatus

40
Q

Describe the Corpus Cavernosa

A

Corpus cavernosa:
- 2 erectile cylinders on the dorsal surface of the penis
- majority of the penis
- the crura of the penis is the proximal portions of the corpora cavernosa and its attached to the bony pelvis via the ischiocaveronsus muscle

41
Q

What forms the majority of the penile mass?

A

The corpus cavernosa forms the majority of the penile mass

42
Q

Describe the Corpus Spongeosum

A
  • surrounds the urethra
  • distal end expands to form the glans
  • proximal end is enlarged and called the bulb of the penis
  • the bulb is covered by the bulbospongiosum muscle which secures it to the urigenital diaphragm
43
Q

What muscle is associated with the corpus spongiosum, where does it attach

A

Corpus spongiosum
- bulbosponsiosum muscle
- attaches to the urigenital diaphragm

44
Q

In the flaccid state are the bv constricted or relaxed>

A

Flaccid state
- bv contricted
- smooth muscle tense reducing blood flow

45
Q

What stimulation stims erection

A

parasympathetic stimulation =

46
Q

What is the blood supply of the penis

A

Penis - Blood
- deep and dorsal arteries of the penis
- deep dorsal vein

ANA (7 decks)

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