Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ANA > LECTURE 26 - ENDOCRINE SYSTEM > Flashcards

LECTURE 26 - ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

Where are hormones released

A

hormones are released into interstitial fluid then get into blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Do endocrine cells have ducts

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Not all fluid/hormones are taken up by blood supply … where does the rest of the hormones go

A

the remaining hormones are taken up by the lymphatic system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Name the 5 endocrine glands

A
  • Pituitary gland
  • Thyroid gland
  • Parathyroid gland
  • Suprarenal gland
  • Pineal gland
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define: Hormones

A

Hormones: molecules that alter physiological activity of other cells in the body, affects only the target cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 2 classifications of hormones?

A

1) Steroid
2) Amino acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe the features of Amino acid derived hormones

A

Amino Acid Hormones
- majority of hormones
- ex. catecholamines, peptide hormones
- bind the cells membrane bc they can’t enter the cell
- activates second messengers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

which type of hormone binds the cell membrane

A

amino acid derived

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe the features of Steroid derived hormones

A
  • synthesized from cholesterol
  • produced and secreted from gonads and the adrenal gland
  • diffuse into target call and bind intracellular receptor which goes into nuclear chromatid and binds DNA
  • alters rate of RNA transcription thus altering protein synthesis which can alter other metabolic activities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what classification of hormone is secreted from the adrenal glands

A

steriod

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where is the hypothalamus located?

A

Is part of the diencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What’s attached to the hypothalamus

A

the pituitary gland - is attached to the hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 3 functions of the hypothalamus

A

Hypothalamus Functions =
1) Has direct neural control over endocrine cells of the adrenal medulla (sympathetic output)
2) Production of ADH and oxytocin
3) Secretion of regulatory hormones to control activity of anterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where is the Pituitary Gland located?

A

The pituitary gland is located in the sella turcia of the sphenoid bon attached to the hypothalamus by the infundibular stalk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is another name for the pituitary gland?

A

pituitary gland = hypophysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Briefly describe the overview of the structure of the pituitary gland?

A

Pituitary gland:

Anterior lobe
- 75%
- produces and releases 7 hormones

Posterior lobe
- 25%
- ONLY releases
- 2 hormones

17
Q

Posterior Pituitary:
Makes:
Cells:
Structure:
Neurohormones:

A

Posterior Pituitary:
Makes: nope only stores and releases
Cells: pituicytes and axon terminals of hypothalamic neurosecretory cells
Structure: pars nervosa and infundibular stalk
Neurohormones: ADH and oxytocin

18
Q

What are the functions of the neurohormones secreted by the posterior pituitary?

A

ADH = vasopressin, decrease the water lost thru the kidney

Oxytocin = 1) stims the myometrium to contract
2) stims the release of milk

19
Q

what is another name for the anterior pituitary?

A

adenohypophysis

20
Q

What are the 3 regions of the anterior pituitary?

A
  • pars distalis
  • pars intermedia
  • pars tuberalis
21
Q

What 6 hormones does the pars distalis of the anterior pituitary produce/secrete

A

GH
LH
FSH
ACSH
TSH
PRL

22
Q

GH (growth hormone)
Produced by:
Purpose:

A

Growth Hormones - GH
Produced by: somatotrophic cells
Purpose: stims cell growth and replication

23
Q

Thyroid stimulating hormone TSH
Produced by:
Purpose:

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone TSH
Produced by: Thyrotropes
Purpose: stims the normal development and secretory activity of the thyroid gland

24
Q

Follicle-stimulating hormone FSH
Produced by:
Purpose:

A

Follicle-stimulating hormone FSH
Produced by: gonadotrophs
Purpose: promotes development of the female gametes (oocytes) and stims estrogen secretion via follicular cells
In males promotes sperm production

25
Q

Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Produced by:
Purpose:

A

Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Produced by: Gonadotrophic cells
Purpose: stims ovulation and the ovarian production of progesterone
In males: stims androgen production

26
Q

Prolactin (PRL)
Produced by:
Purpose:

A

Prolactin (PRL)
Produced by: lactotrophs (prolactin cells)
Purpose: stim development of mammary glands and the production of milk by the mammary glands

27
Q

Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)
Produced by:
Purpose:

A

Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)
Produced by: corticotropic cells
Purpose: stims hormone productions of the adrenal glands

28
Q

Where and what does the pars tuberalis produce?

A
  • wraps around infundibulum
  • contains gonadotropin which helps produce FSH and LH
28
Q

What does the pars intermedia of the anterior pituitary gland produce?

A

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
- really active during fetal development and young childhood
- targets melanocytes in skin

29
Q

Describe blood flow of the hypophyseal portal system

A

Blood flows from the capillaries -> hypothalamus -> portal veins which carry blood to -> capillaries of the ant pit

30
Q

Function of hypophyseal portal system?

A

The hormones carried by this system allow communication btwn the hypothalamus and the ant pit establishing a link btwn the nervous system and the endocrine system

31
Q

Describe the hypophyseal portal system blood flow into the anterior pituitary?

A

1) Arterial blood is delivered by branches of the internal carotid artery
2) Internal carotid artery branches into the superior hypophyseal artery
3) The superior hypophyseal artery goes into the infundibulum then divide into the primary capillary plexus
4) before leaving the infundibulum the capillaries merge to make portal vessels which extend down and enter the pars distalis
5) gives rise to the secondary capillary plexus that branches along the endocrine cells

32
Q

What artery supplies blood to the posterior lobe of the pituitary?

A

The inferior hypophyseal artery - supplies the posterior pituitary

33
Q

Describe the drainage of the pituitary gland

A

From both lobes the blood is drained via the hypophyseal vein and returned to the internal jugular vein

34
Q

Define - Portal vessels

A

Portal vessels = bv that connect 2 capillary beds together

35
Q

what comprises the - Hypophyseal portal system

A

Hypophyseal portal system = portal veins + 1 and 2 capillary plexus

ANA (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions