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ANA > Lecture 20 > Flashcards

Lecture 20 Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of Gonads =

A

Functions of Gonads = produce gametes and secrete sex hormone

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2
Q

What are the 4 functions of the male genital system?

A

Functions of the male genital system
1) Testes produce sperm an testosterone
2) The ducts transport, store, and assist in maturation of sperm
3) The accessory genital glands secrete most of the liquid of sperm
4) The penis contains the urethra, a passageway for ejaculation of semen and excretion of urine

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3
Q

What divides the scrotum into 2 sections?

A

The scrotal septum

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4
Q

What is the scrotal septum comprised of?

A

The scrotal septum is made of:
- Subcutaneous tissue
- Dartos muscle

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5
Q

Where is the cremaster muscle located?

A

deep in the scrotal wall

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6
Q

Which scrotal muscles is skeletal

A

cremaster muscle

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7
Q

Dartos Muscle
Type:
Location:
Function:

A

Dartos Muscle
Type: smooth
Location: in the skin of the scrotum
Function: tonic contraction gives the scrotum its wrinkled apperance

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8
Q

Cremaster Muscle
Type:
Location:
Function:

A

Cremaster Muscle
Type: skeletal
Location: deep in the scrotal wall
Function: controls the position of the scrotum and testes. When cold or aroused this muscle contracts to bring the testes closer

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9
Q

What is the ideal temperature for the testes?

A

2 degrees less than body temp so 35

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10
Q

Describe the pathway taken during the descent of the testes

A

1) The testes develop intra abdominally near the kidneys
2) They are translocated inferiorly and anteriorly to the abdominal wall, travelling thru the inguinal canal
3) The gubernaculum testes pull the testes thru the abdomen
4) During the third trimester they move thru the abdominal wall and take with then a pocket of the peritoneal cavity
5) As the testes move thru the wall they are accompanied by the ductus deferens, bv, nerves, and lymphatics

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11
Q

Testes - length

A

Testes = 4-5 cm long

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12
Q

What covers the testes?

A

Testes are covered by:
- Tunica vaginalis
- Tunica albuginea

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13
Q

Describe the Tunic Vaginalis (4)

A

Tunica Vaginalis
- extension of the peritoneum
- is a serous membrane
- has a visceral and parietal layer
- covers the lateral and anterior surface of the testes

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14
Q

What covers the lateral and anterior surface of the testes?

A

The tunica vaginalis - covers the lateral and anterior surface of the testes

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15
Q

Describe the tunica albuginea (2)

A

Tunica albuginea
- fibrous coat or capsule
- extension penetrates the testes dividing it into 250-300 compartments called “testicular lobules”

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16
Q

What do testicular lobules contain

A

Testicular lobules contain:
- seminiferous tubules
- loose ct
- bv’s

17
Q

Where are sperm produced?

A

Sperm are produced in the seminiferous tubules

18
Q

How long are the seminiferous tubules?

A

Seminiferous tubules
- 80 cm long each
- 0.5 miles total

19
Q

Define - spermatogenesis

A

Spermatogenesis: the process by which the seminiferous tubules of the testes produce sperm

20
Q

Define - spermatogonia

A

Spermatogonia: stem cells that form during embryonic development

21
Q

Describe the process of spermatogenesis

A

Spermatogenesis
1) LH, FSH and testosterone stimulate
2) Thru cell division form spermatogonia
3) spermatogonia -> primary spermatocytes
4) primary spermatocytes -> secondary spermatocytes
5) secondary spermatocytes -> pair of spermatids
6) Spermatids -> spermatozoa

22
Q

Define - spermatogenesis

A

Spermatogenesis: maturation of spermatids resulting in spermatozoa

23
Q

What’s is the process of spermatids maturing to spermatozoa?

A

spermatogenesis

24
Q

What cells extend form the basal lamina to the lumen of the testes?

A

Sertoli cells

25
Q

How are Sertoli cells connected?

A

Tight junctions - connect Sertoli cells

26
Q

Sertoli cells - purpose (5)

A

Sertoli cells
1) Nourish and transport spermatogenic cells
2) Secretions regulate spermatogenesis
3) Create the blood-testes barrier
4) Support spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis
5) Secrete inhibin and androgen binding protien

27
Q

spermiogenesis vs spermatogenesis

A

Spermatogenesis - The process by which haploid spermatozoa develop from germ cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testis.

Spermiogenesis - Spermiogenesis is the final stage of spermatogenesis, which sees the maturation of spermatids into mature, motile spermatozoa

28
Q

What is the spermatic cord made of?

A

Spermatic cord = fascia, ct, nerves

29
Q

Where is the spermatic cord, what does it attach to?

A

Spermatid cord
- wraps the bv, nerves and lymphatics that supply the testes
- starts at the deep inguinal ring, extends thru the inguinal canal and comes thru the superficial inguinal ring into the scrotum

30
Q

What is the blood supply to the testes?

A

Testicular arteries
= branches of the abdominal aorta

Testicular veins
= The planiform plexus surrounds the testicular arteries

31
Q

Describe testicular innervation

A

Autonomic NS
- sensory

32
Q

How long are sperm

A

Sperm = 65 um long

33
Q

Describe the structure of sperm and the significance of certain parts

A

Head
- contains the nucleus and acrosomal cap (bag of enzymes)
Neck
- contains the cellular components that form the flagellum
Middle piece
- mitochondria collar
Tail
- flagellum, source of movement

ANA (7 decks)

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