Lecture 30- Plant Nutrition Flashcards
where do plant roots absorb essential elements from?
soil
water
air
how many chemical elements are essential to plants?
17
essential for life cycle and reproduction
what are the 9 macronutrients? (in order from most needed amount to least)
carbon
oxygen
hydrogen
nitrogen
potassium
calcium
magnesium
phosphorus
sulfer
what are the 9 micronutrients? (in order from most needed amount to least)
chlorine
iron
manganese
boron
zinc
copper
nickel
molybdenum
why do plants turn yellow when they have nutrient difficiency?
because of the breakdown (loss) of chloroplasts
what is a mobile nutrient?
can move from place to place within the plant
what are some mobile nutrients?
N
P
K
Mg
Cl
Zn
Mo
what is a less mobile nutrient?
get stuck on one part of the plant and cant move
what are some less mobile nutrients?
Ca
S
Fe
B
Cu
what is the difference between mobile nutrient deficiency and less mobile nutrient deficiency?
mobile: affects older organs more than young ones
less mobile: affects younger organs more than older organs
what do plants do during drought stress, why?
curl in on themselves to preserve as much water as possible
in the nitrogen cycle what does N2 get transfered into?
a nitrogen source that they can use
bacteria transforms N2 into NH4 and NO3-
along a legumes roots are nodules, what do they contain?
nitrogen fixing rhizobium
what does nodule rhizobium bacteria turn into?
bacteroids
fungi benefit from a steady supply of sugar from the host, how does the host benefit from this?
because the fungus increases the SA of the plant (helps with more uptake of water and nutrients)
what is mycorrhizae?
associations of fungus and roots (the role of the fungus in the rhizosphere)
what are the two major types of mycorrhizae?
ectomycorrhizae
arbuscular mycorrhizae
what does the ectomycorrhizae do?
forms a dense fungal sheath over the surface of the root
goes into the cells but stops at the endodermis (due to suberin)
what does the arbuscular mycorrhizae do?
penetrates the cell wall but not the plasma membrane
some plants have nutritional adaptations that use another organism, what are 3 of them?
epiphytes
parasitic
carnivorous
what does an epiphyte plant do?
grows on another plant (to get more sunlight for photosynthesis)
what does a parasitic plant do?
absorbs sugars from other plants (basically kills other plants in the process)
what does a carnivorous plant do?
has modified leaves to kill insects
ex. venus flytrap, pitcher plants
