Lecture 22- Vascular Plants Flashcards
what are the two types of vascular plants?
seed
seedless
what are the 3 things that living vascular plants are characterized by?
dominant sporophyte
vascular tissues (xylem and phloem)
well developed roots and leaves
what are the 3 tissue types in roots stems and leaves of vascular plants?
vascular tissue
ground tissue
dermal tissue
what does the vascular tissue system do? (2)
transports materials long-distances between roots and shoots
provides mechanical support
what does the vascular tissue consist of? (2)
xylem
phloem
what does xylem do?
conducts water and minerals up from roots to shoots
what does xylem consist of?
dead (no nucleus) tracheids (tube shaped cells)
what does the phloem do?
transports organic products to where their needed
what does the phloem consist of?
living cells (nucleus) that are arranged into tubes
in the stele (stem) and leaves how is the vascular tissue distributed?
into bundles (in the root the vascular tissue is all together)
what is the ground tissue internal to the vascular tissue called?
pith
what is the ground tissue external to vascular tissue called?
cortex/ cortical ground tissue
what does ground tissue do? (4)
cells specialized storage
photosynthesis
support
transport
what are the 3 cell types of ground tissue/ differentiated plant cells?
parenchyma
collenchyma
sclerenchyma
what do parenchyma cells look like?
thin and flexible primary cells
isodiametric (diameter is the same around the cell)
what can parenchyma cells do easily?
metabolic functions (because the cell wall is thin)
what do collenchyma cells look like?
thick and uneven cell walls
have lots of cytoplasm
what do collenchyma cells do?
support young parts of the plant shoot
provide flexible support without restraining growth
are collenchyma cells alive or dead?
alive (have a nucleus)
what do sclerenchyma cells look like?
thick cell walls
no nucleus
what are the two types of sclerenchyma cells?
sclereids
fibers
what are the 3 key features that a mature fern sporophyte has?
rhizome
leaves
roots
what is the rhizome?
underground stem produced by SAM
what does the shoot apical meristem produce?
all structures above ground
primary growth up and down
axial growth
what tissues are apart of the SAM?
ground
vascular
dermal
in non-woody plants the dermal tissue system consists of an epidermis, what does it do?
waxy coating that prevents water loss
the epidermis gets replaced when old, what does it get replaced with?
periderm
what is another factor of the dermal tissue that prevents water loss?
trichomes, they prevent the plant from drying out
what are two types of leaves? how do they differ?
microphyll (has one single vein)
megaphyll (has highly branched vascular system. large SA)
what are the 3 types of roots?
adventitious
lateral
primary
what are adventitious roots?
roots that grow from any nonroot tissue
what does the root apical meristem produce?
all below ground structures. every root has a RAM
primary growth
axial growth
what tissues are apart of the RAM?
ground
vascular
dermal
what does the RAM have that the SAM does not?
cytoplasm
what is the third meristem? (hint, its not apical)
lateral meristem
what does the lateral meristem do?
secondary growth (adds thickness to woody plants)
what are the two lateral meristems?
vascular cambium
cork cambium
what does the vascular cambium do?
adds layers of vascular tissue (secondary xylem and phloem)
what does the cork cambium do? (3)
replaces the epidermis with periderm
allows the plant to be thicker and tougher
produces bark
