Lecture 22- Vascular Plants

Question 1

what are the two types of vascular plants?

Answer 1

seed
seedless

Question 2

what are the 3 things that living vascular plants are characterized by?

Answer 2

dominant sporophyte
vascular tissues (xylem and phloem)
well developed roots and leaves

Question 3

what are the 3 tissue types in roots stems and leaves of vascular plants?

Answer 3

vascular tissue
ground tissue
dermal tissue

Question 4

what does the vascular tissue system do? (2)

Answer 4

transports materials long-distances between roots and shoots
provides mechanical support

Question 5

what does the vascular tissue consist of? (2)

Answer 5

xylem
phloem

Question 6

what does xylem do?

Answer 6

conducts water and minerals up from roots to shoots

Question 7

what does xylem consist of?

Answer 7

dead (no nucleus) tracheids (tube shaped cells)

Question 8

what does the phloem do?

Answer 8

transports organic products to where their needed

Question 9

what does the phloem consist of?

Answer 9

living cells (nucleus) that are arranged into tubes

Question 10

in the stele (stem) and leaves how is the vascular tissue distributed?

Answer 10

into bundles (in the root the vascular tissue is all together)

Question 11

what is the ground tissue internal to the vascular tissue called?

Answer 11

pith

Question 12

what is the ground tissue external to vascular tissue called?

Answer 12

cortex/ cortical ground tissue

Question 13

what does ground tissue do? (4)

Answer 13

cells specialized storage
photosynthesis
support
transport

Question 14

what are the 3 cell types of ground tissue/ differentiated plant cells?

Answer 14

parenchyma
collenchyma
sclerenchyma

Question 15

what do parenchyma cells look like?

Answer 15

thin and flexible primary cells
isodiametric (diameter is the same around the cell)

Question 16

what can parenchyma cells do easily?

Answer 16

metabolic functions (because the cell wall is thin)

Question 17

what do collenchyma cells look like?

Answer 17

thick and uneven cell walls
have lots of cytoplasm

Question 18

what do collenchyma cells do?

Answer 18

support young parts of the plant shoot
provide flexible support without restraining growth

Question 19

are collenchyma cells alive or dead?

Answer 19

alive (have a nucleus)

Question 20

what do sclerenchyma cells look like?

Answer 20

thick cell walls
no nucleus

Question 21

what are the two types of sclerenchyma cells?

Answer 21

sclereids
fibers

Question 22

what are the 3 key features that a mature fern sporophyte has?

Answer 22

rhizome
leaves
roots

Question 23

what is the rhizome?

Answer 23

underground stem produced by SAM

Question 24

what does the shoot apical meristem produce?

Answer 24

all structures above ground
primary growth up and down
axial growth

Question 25

what tissues are apart of the SAM?

Answer 25

ground vascular dermal

Question 26

in non-woody plants the dermal tissue system consists of an epidermis, what does it do?

Answer 26

waxy coating that prevents water loss

Question 27

the epidermis gets replaced when old, what does it get replaced with?

Answer 27

periderm

Question 28

what is another factor of the dermal tissue that prevents water loss?

Answer 28

trichomes, they prevent the plant from drying out

Question 29

what are two types of leaves? how do they differ?

Answer 29

microphyll (has one single vein) megaphyll (has highly branched vascular system. large SA)

Question 30

what are the 3 types of roots?

Answer 30

adventitious lateral primary

Question 31

what are adventitious roots?

Answer 31

roots that grow from any nonroot tissue

Question 32

what does the root apical meristem produce?

Answer 32

all below ground structures. every root has a RAM primary growth axial growth

Question 33

what tissues are apart of the RAM?

Answer 33

ground vascular dermal

Question 34

what does the RAM have that the SAM does not?

Answer 34

cytoplasm

Question 35

what is the third meristem? (hint, its not apical)

Answer 35

lateral meristem

Question 36

what does the lateral meristem do?

Answer 36

secondary growth (adds thickness to woody plants)

Question 37

what are the two lateral meristems?

Answer 37

vascular cambium cork cambium

Question 38

what does the vascular cambium do?

Answer 38

adds layers of vascular tissue (secondary xylem and phloem)

Question 39

what does the cork cambium do? (3)

Answer 39

replaces the epidermis with periderm allows the plant to be thicker and tougher produces bark