lecture 3: theory of aging Flashcards
1
Q
define a loss of homeostasis
A
- breakdown in maintenance of specific molecular structures and pathways
- some are unique to the specific cellular and tissue context of specific organ
- some are due to the overall organ system being stressed
2
Q
Targeted DNA damage
A
- Targeted DNA damage = cumulative deletions, mutations, and translocation
3
Q
mitochondrial DNA damage
A
- mitochondrial DNA damage = alters efficiency of respiration/ATP production (more free radicals)
4
Q
Telomere
A
- Telomere = loss of activity and length
5
Q
Developmental genetic
A
- aging result from genetically programmed induction
6
Q
error catastrophe
A
- cumulative errors in RNA and protein synthesis
7
Q
Free radicals
A
- highly reactive oxygen derived free radicals damage protein, lipid and DNA
8
Q
accumulation theory
A
- abnormal proteins are not removed
9
Q
endocrine theory
A
- levels of secretions of hormones (growth, cortisol, glucocorticoids)
10
Q
Immunologic
A
- time acquired deficits in immune response and T cell function
11
Q
nutritional model theory
A
- if animal fed 50-60% less than it eats on its own = lives longer
- assumption = lean mass as opposed to adipose tissue results in greater health and age
12
Q
what are syndromes that cause premature aging
A
- Down syndrome
- werner syndrome
- Progeria (hutchinson-gilford)
- klinefelter syndrome
- turner syndrome
- myotonic dystrophy
13
Q
Clinker theory
A
- potential harmful substances accumulate in the body
- substances interfere passively with body functions
- example would be amyloid (protein) accumulates in heart and brain
14
Q
calcium theory***
A
- Abnormal Calcium movements results from:
- -> free radical damage
- -> inadequate energy supply from damaged mitochondria
- -> increased glucocorticoids
- ABNORMAL CALCIUM leads to abnormal CELL FUNCTION especially in muscle, nerve and blood vessels
15
Q
neuro-aging theory
A
- all cells undergo nervous system degeneration
- this results in changes in hormonal release
- leads to decline in cell function
(not as prominent of a theory)
16
Q
How to deal with aging
A
- Regardless of how the aging process happens, the way your patient handles the changes that come with aging is perhaps the MOST INFLUENTIAL FACTOR in defining the impact on their health
- ATTITUDE PLAYS A ROLE in several ways:
- -> how well your patient lives
- -> how long they may live
17
Q
What are things to talk to patients about living a long life
A
- Reach out
- eat right, exercise, sleep (sleep early, wake early)
- keep the activities in check
- practices forgiveness
- change will come, learn to accept it
- humor
- what gives meaning to your life
- avoid negative people
18
Q
describe the impact of social/friendships have on life
A
- extends your life
- recovery times are faster
- immunity is higher
- mental health (reduces anxiety, protects against mental decline)
19
Q
what are some things to challenge your patients with
A
- social support
- religion and spirituality
- work their brain
- work their body
- eat well
- avoid drugs, tobacco products and excessive alcohol
- small changes add up
