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AP1 Neuro & Spinal pathway 24 > Lecture 3 Test 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 spinal reflex pathways?

A

Stretch reflex
Tendon reflex
Withdrawal reflex
Crossed extensor reflex

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2
Q

Which reflex are for muscle stretch/tension?

A

Stretch reflex
Tendon reflex

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3
Q

Which reflex are for pain?

A

Withdrawal reflex
Crossed extensor reflex

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4
Q

Gives feedback to the CNS when muscles are stretched or contraction has occurred and elicit a reflex

A

Tension sensors

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5
Q

Can sensory fibers go all the way through the dorsal horn and project a synapse to the anterior motor neuron?

A

Yes if the signal is strong enough

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6
Q

A “bridge” for the sensor neuron and motor neuron.

A

Interneuron releasing inhibitory transmitter

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7
Q

Most common signal that uses efferent pathway out of the CNS?

A

Motor output

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8
Q

Reflexes can affect which side of the body?

A

Sometimes 1 side and sometimes both

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9
Q

How does the L side of the sensor neuron talk to the R side?

A

Through the Interneuron

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10
Q

Goal of stretch reflex

A

To keep posture constant for support. Stretch and contraction of muscles helps keep us standing straight

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11
Q

Stretch sensors can go through the cord and synapse to ___

A

Motor neuron (anterior of the cord)

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12
Q

Do we use interneurons for the stretch reflex?

A

No

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13
Q

“spring” found within the muscle that sense the tension in the muscle

A

Muscle spindles

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14
Q

Test for stretch reflex

A

Hit the patellar tendon/ligament with a rubber mallet

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15
Q

Senses large amount of tension within the tendon/muscles

A

Tendon reflex

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16
Q

build up of collagen and fibrin tissues

A

Tendon

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17
Q

What happens when there’s massive tension placed on the muscles/tendon?

A

Stretch sensors activated and tells muscles to relax to prevent tendon tears.

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18
Q

What doesn’t break when you fall of a tree?

A

Muscles

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19
Q

What prevents muscles from being pulled out of tendons/muscle insertion points?

A

Tendon reflex

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20
Q

If tendon reflex are protective, how can someone lift a car off a kid during an emergency??

A

The body has a way of overriding this but I don’t know how.

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21
Q

2 groups of interneurons

A

Excitatory and inhibitory

22
Q

If there’s tension in the quadricep muscle, tendon reflex would cause relaxation of the quads and reflex of the hamstring. This is called?

A

antagonistic muscle contraction

23
Q

(unilateral ) Flexor reflex is also called…

A

Withdrawal reflex (unilateral)

24
Q

What pulls the limb away from the pain source? (ex. toe hits a nail)

A

Flexor/withdrawal reflex (unilateral)

25
Q

In order for the flexor reflex to function faster, what gets involved?

A

Antagonistic muscle contraction

26
Q

What part of the cord is involved with flexor reflex?

A

Many levels up the cord and down the cord
(2 up, 2 down) for better results

27
Q

What type of neurons are involved with flexor reflex?

A

Ascending and descending interneuron

28
Q

Where can you find the ascending/descending interneurons?

A

In the white matter between the tip of dorsal gray horn and tip of the cord “Tract of Lissauer”

29
Q

more levels involved with flexor reflex =

A

better result

30
Q

Which pain reflex involves both sides of the cord?

A

Crossed extensor reflex

31
Q

What interneurons do we use for crossed extensor reflex?
(ex. L side of body contracts, R side relaxes)

A

(Left) Ascending/descending interneurons
(Right) Ascending/descending interneurons

32
Q

When do we usually use the crossed extensor (pain) reflex?

A

During an activity (walking, shifting weight)

33
Q

Which reflexes uses the most interneurons?

A

Crossed extensor reflex

34
Q

What can inhibit these reflexes?

A

Spinal block

35
Q

How do you know how deep is the spinal block?

A

Check for reflexes

36
Q

Main purpose of reflexes?

A

Protecting the body from harm

37
Q

Different types of n-Ach-R

A

Low conductance channel (immature) “fetal”
High conductance channel (mature) “adult”
a7 ACH-R (in CNS)

38
Q

Where can you find n-Ach-R in adults?

A

NMJ of skeletal muscles

39
Q

5 binding domains of “mature” n-ACh-R

A

a/a1 - where acetylcholine binds
b1, d, E

40
Q

Meaning of “high conductance” in mature n-ACh receptor

A

High speed when it’s open for ions to flow in but a short period of time

41
Q

4 binding domains for “immature” n-ACh-R

A

a/a1, b1, y, d

42
Q

Where can you find n-Ach-R in infants?

A

NMJ and periphery of skeletal muscles (outside NMJ)

43
Q

Meaning of “slow conductance” in immature receptor

A

shorter/slower ion flow but stays open longer.

44
Q

Binding domains for a7 ACh-R

A

a7 acetylcholine

45
Q

Succs in adult vs fetal n-ach-r

A

prolongs depolarization in adult but even longer for the fetal receptor.

46
Q

When injury (stroke) occurs the body does what to n-ACh-R?

ex. when the brain tells the muscle to contract but the feedback “spring” doesn’t confirm the contraction, CNS thinks something is wrong)

A

increase immature n-ACh-R availability

47
Q

If you give succs to a stroke Pt…

A

Depolarized way longer d/t immature receptors and more potassium leak in ECF (V-fib).

48
Q

What is the junctional zone?

A
  • Perijunctional area (near the outside of junctional area)
  • Junctional area
  • Postjunctional area (borders of muscle)
49
Q

Paralytics main purpose?

A

Preventing the neuron to talk to the muscle.

50
Q

Are there n- ACh-R located in the post junctional area?

A

No, only in the peri and junctional area.

AP1 Neuro & Spinal pathway 24 (7 decks)

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