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AP1 Neuro & Spinal pathway 24 > Lecture 1 Test 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What part of the spinal cord transmits sensory pathway in ascending (afferent)?

A

(Blue part) mostly dorsal and some lateral

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2
Q

What part of the brain does the information being sent through the spinal cord go to?

A

Brain stem, cerebellum and brain

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3
Q

What part of the spinal cord transmit in descending (efferent) motor pathways?

A

lateral corticospinal

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4
Q

What has a larger area in the spinal cord between sensory and motor pathways?

A

Sensory pathways

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5
Q

Name different types of sensors the body has?

A

Pressure sensors in the skin, temperature, vibration, and pain sensors

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6
Q

Which pathway takes up more real estate in the cord?

A

Ascending (sensory) pathway

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7
Q

What does the gray matter mainly do?

A

Decision making through synapses

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8
Q

What’s in the gray matter?

A

Cell bodies of motor neurons and parts for communication (synapses/decision making)

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9
Q

Bundle of axons outside of the CNS

A

Nerves

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10
Q

Bundle of axons within the CNS

A

Tract

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11
Q

What are the 2 main groups of descending pathways?

A

Pyramidal tract; extra pyramidal tract

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12
Q

Which descending tract does the primary (voluntary) motor function that we think about go through?
(Arm movement, leg movement)

A

Pyramidal tract

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13
Q

accessory motor pathways (complex tasks)
 no realization of these things functioning but fine tune motor commands.
 help control or give feedback on instructions

A

Extrapyramidal tract (outside of pyramidal tract)

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14
Q

If the pressure sensor needs to make it up (ascend) to the brain, which pathway does it go?

A

Dorsal column

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15
Q

The higher you go up in the cord, the ____ the dorsal columns are gonna be.

A

Larger

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16
Q

Where does the ascending crossover of the left side of the brain to the right side of the brain occur?

A

At the DCML lemniscus decussation located at the lower part of the medulla

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17
Q

What is the medial lemniscus?

A

This is a structure that the information travels through to get to the brain stem after the crossover process.

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18
Q

Where does the DCML information get routed through after the thalamus?

A

Ventrobasal Complex

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19
Q

What’s in charge of running the sensory information up towards the parietal lobe of the brain.

A

Ventrobasal Complex

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20
Q

Meaning of corticospinal

A

Signal originated from the motor cortex

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21
Q

Where does 80% of our motor function occur in the spinal cord?

A

Primary pyramidal tract

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22
Q

located in our skin
 figure out if we’re holding on to something
 we have our hands up in the air.

A

o pressure sensors (touch perception)

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23
Q

o Aka spinothalamic tracts, or spinothalamic pathways

A

o Anterolateral column pathway

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24
Q

Where are pain signals relayed?

A

spine and up the thalamus (spinothalamic tract) and then the parietal lobe

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25
Q

A system of 10 layers of gray matter within the spinal cord and their functions. Numbered from back to front

A

Rexed’s Laminae

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26
Q

 Aka “Lamina marginalis”
First tip of dorsal horn

A

Lamina I

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27
Q

What type of pain fibers does Lamina I use?

A

Fast pain myelinated nociceptors (A(d) -Fibers)

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28
Q

Fast pain pathway

A

Neospinothalamic pathway

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29
Q

 aka Substantia gelatinosa

A

Lamina II & III

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30
Q

What type of pain fibers does Lamina II & III use?

A

Slow pain; nociceptors that are non-myelinated C fibers

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31
Q

Sometimes Lamina II & III has a synaptic connection with

A

Lamina V

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32
Q

Activated by the descending motor pathways; motor neurons are located here

A

Anterior horn

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33
Q

anterior Horn can be elicited to send action potentials when stimulated by

A

Brain motor center or reflex ARCs

34
Q

middle of the gray matter, allows for signals to get routed to the other side of the cord

A

Lamina X

35
Q

o the portion of tissue that can relay information to the other side of the cord that’s made up of white matter.

A

Anterior White Commissure

36
Q

Five different categories of spinal tracts

A

Spinocerebellar tract, Dorsal-column medial Lemniscal system (DCML), Spinothalamic/anterolateral tracts, Corticospinal tracts (pyramidal tracts), Extrapyramidal tract

37
Q

o send information from the spinal cord up to the cerebellum.

A

Spinocerebellar tract

38
Q

o major pressure sensory pathway (touch-sensitive) other than pain

A

Dorsal-column medial Lemniscal system (DCML)

39
Q

structure that the motor information x-over through to the brain stem before the thalamus.

A

o Lemniscal decussation

40
Q

What type of neurons does DMCL use?

A

fast signal propagation (A fibers)

41
Q

variety of A (myelinated) fibers

A

o A alpha
o A beta
o A delta
o A gamma

42
Q

What type of sensory fibers do pressure, vibration use?

A

all 4 (A alpha, A beta, A delta, A gamma)

43
Q

Pain tracts

A

Spinothalamic (anterolateral) tracts

44
Q

o signal originated in the cerebral motor cortex and now going down the cord through

A

Lateral Corticospinal tracts (pyramidal tracts)

45
Q

Left side of the CNS takes care of the function on the ____ of the body

A

Right side; and vice versa.

46
Q

Where does the signal crossover in the brain?

A

Medullary decussation

47
Q

Which direction does touch information travel?

A

1) it goes into the gray matter of the cord and stays there (lateral inhibition, or modulation of some activity in the cord).
2) takes it up towards the brain through the dorsal columns.

48
Q

the further up the cord you get, the ____ dorsal column structure is.

A

wider; larger

49
Q

Lower extremity information is fed into (dorsal column). (inferior section of the cord)

A

Fasciculus Gracilis

50
Q

Upper extremity information are fed into (dorsal lateral column)

A

Fasciculus Cuneatus

51
Q

Grouping of larger dorsal column includes lower and upper extremity going up towards the brain.

A

Fasciculus Cuneatus

52
Q

Relay center of the middle part of the brain

A

Thalamus

53
Q

*part of the thalamus where this DCML information gets routed through.
*in charge of running this sensory information up towards the parietal lobe of the brain.

A

Ventrobasal complex

54
Q

o information pass through this structure on the way to the parietal lobe.
o sits just outside of the thalamus
o right between the thalamus and parietal lobe

A

Internal Capsule

55
Q

Pressure/vibration > dorsal root > dorsal rootlets > DCML > crossover at medial lemniscus decussation -> ventrobasal complex of thalamus -> internal capsule -> out to parietal lobe (post central gyrus)

A
56
Q

takes care of information coming from the lower extremities.

A

top part of the parietal lobe

57
Q

takes care of information from the trunk

A

Middle top of parietal lobe

58
Q

takes care of information from the upper extremities

A

Bottom of the parietal lobe

59
Q

in charge of the information from the face (parietal lobe)

A

bottom borders of parietal lobe

60
Q

stroke effects are based on ___

A

placement in the parietal lobe

61
Q

o Creepy drawing to illustrate the topography region

A

Homunculus

62
Q

hands/face have tons of

A

pressure sensors (sensitive).

63
Q

Detailed info needs lots of

A

Pressure sensors

64
Q

Parts of the brain that process a lot of info are ___

A

Large in portion because of the amount of sensors it needs to process

65
Q

We have more pressure sensitive sensors in our feet or hands?

A

Hands

66
Q

Smaller portion of the brain, lower density sensory receptor that’s in charge of this body part?

A

Trunk/torso

67
Q

Descending motor pathway (2 parts)

A

Pyramidal tract; Extrapyramidal tract

68
Q

80% (4/5) lateral descending pathway (bigger)

A

(Primary) Pyramidal tract

69
Q

Where signal crossovers occur at the last part of the medulla

A

pyramids of the medulla

70
Q

To cross over to the other side of the brain stem

A

Pyramidal decussation

71
Q

bridges the gap between the left and right pyramids (majority of motor signals)

A

Pyramidal deposition

72
Q

Which tract does 17% of anterior descending pathway (smaller) occur. Crossover occurs at the level of the cord.

A

(Secondary) Pyramidal tract - Anterior corticospinal tract

73
Q

About how many signals do not crossover at all?

A

3%

74
Q

o targets, for your drugs (anesthesia)

A

Descending pain inhibitory complex

75
Q

Are you born with NMDA-R?

A

No its a growth development from the CNS

76
Q

T/F: AMPA-R increases due to chronic pain

A

True

77
Q

What are the 3 ionotropic receptor

A

AMPA-R, NMDA-R, Kanate-R

78
Q

What type of receptors are metabotropic?

A

GPCRs

79
Q

How is iNOs related to pain?

A

Induced by pain and increases sensitivity of pain synapse

80
Q

4 types of extrapyramidal tract sensors

A

Vestibulospinal - eye fixation, muscle orientation
Olivospinal - cerebellar output to coordinate movement
Rubrospinal - modulation voluntary movement
Reticulospinal - maintain muscle tone

AP1 Neuro & Spinal pathway 24 (9 decks)

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