Lecture 3: Terms Flashcards
_____ is plants live for a single growing season during which they germinate, grow vegetatively, form flowers, and produce fruits and seeds.
Annual
____ live for two years; they are vegetative in the 1st year and produce flowers/fruit/seeds in the 2nd year
Biennial
______ live for three or more years and usually flower and fruit yearly once they reach to sexual maturity.
Perennial
True or False: Weeds are annual
True, multiple cycles make them more dynamic
True or False: Woody plants are always perennial
True
What are the 3 types of woody plants?
Shrubs = have multiple stems from the ground. Trees = have mainly one single stem – “the trunk” Lianas = are woody but they cannot sustain themselves, therefore, they need a physical support (e.g. other plants, rocks, grapevine)
What two anatomical feature does lianas use?
Tendrils and suckers
The axes of plants—consist of _____ (where leaves and axillary buds are produced) separated by _______.
Nodes, internodes
The tip of the stem is called the?
Apical meristem
_____ are a specialized stem that is horizontal underground stems, with distinct internodes bearing scale-like leaves. Protect against frost.
Rhizomes
____ are ________ resemble the rhizomes through their elongated internodes. However, they are thinner and the scale-like leaves are often not obvious. ______ are underground; ______ are above-ground.
Runners and stolons Stolons Runners
____ is very swollen & fleshy tip of a stolon that produce a lot of storage parenchyma.
Tuber
_____ is a very short, disk-like, underground stem surrounded by thick, fleshy (modified) leaves.
Bulbs
What are the two types of bulbs?
A. Layered bulbs: the bulb leaves cover entirely each other B. Scaly bulbs: the bulb leaves cover only partially each other
The ____ is short, erect, underground, fleshy stem covered with thin, dry (modified) leaves called tunics.
Corm
True or False: A leaf that lacks a petiole is said to be sessile.
True
What are the 6 parts of a leaf?
apex, margin, blade, petiole, base, sheath
____ leaves: all the leaves at the base of the stem forming a rosette.
Basal
___ leaves: one at a node.
Alternate
_______ leaves are borne in pairs, the members of which are positioned on opposite sides of the stem. A common pattern for opposite leaves is for each successive set of paired leaves to be rotated 90 degrees (decussate).
Opposite
______leaves: when 3 or more leaves are positioned at a node.
Whorled
A ______ has one single leaf blade. Can be traced to one signal leaf primordial
simple leaf
A ______ leaf has several leaf blades named leaflets. In a pinnately compound leaf, leaflets are arranged according to a pinnate venation pattern.
compound
True or False: Deciduous leaves fall at the end of the growing season; evergreen plants have persistent leaves.
True
What are the 4 venation types?
Dichotomous: the veins branch in twos (they bifurcate). Pinnate: a single primary vein with the secondary veins arising along its length like the teeth of a comb. Palmate with several major veins radiating from the base of the blade. Parallel: numerous parallel veins from the base of the blade.
What are the 4 major leaf shapes?
Ovate (wide base) Obovate (wide near apex) Elliptic (wide near middle) Oblong (Parallel sided)
What are the 4 small leaf margins and 2 large?
Serrate (sharp) Dentate (teeth) Sinuate (waves) Crenate (clouds) Pinnately lobate Palmately lobate
Leaf apex
Leaf base
