Lecture 12: Angiosperms (Eudicots) Flashcards
What order does Papaveraceae and Ranunculaceae come from?
Ranunculales
What TYPE of plant is the family Papaveraceae?
Herbs with milky or coloured latex
What are the LEAVES of the family Papaveraceae?
alternate
What are the FLOWERS of the family Papaveraceae?
actinomorphic, bisexual
What is the CALYX of the family Papaveraceae?
sepals 2, distinct, falling at flowering
What is the COROLLA of the family Papaveraceae?
4-12 free petals
What is the ANDROECIUM of the family Papaveraceae?
many stamens
What is the GYNOECIUM of the family Papaveraceae?
syncarpous, 2- inf. carpels; ovary superior.
What is the flora formula of the family Papaveraceae?
*K:2 C:4-12 A:inf. G(2- inf)
In the genera Papaver, the latex is ____ the leaves are ______ the petals are ____ and the capsule has _____.
Latex: white
Leaves: pinnate venation
Petals: 4
Capsule: opening through pores
How can you tell how many carpels are in Papaver?
Rays in stigma (centre) = # of carpels
______ is the world’s leading supplier of opium
Afghanistan
The ______ between China and the British Empire took place in the late 1830s when the Chinese attempted to stop the sale of opium by Britain, in China.
Opium Wars
Why is the poppy on the $20 incorrect?
There is 5 petals instead of 4
In the genera Sanguinaria, the latex is ____ the leaves are ______ the petals are ____ and the capsule has _____.
Latex: orange-red
Leaves: palmate venation
Petals: 8-12
Capsule: opening through valves
______ which is obtained from the root, is used as a dental plaque inhibitor
Sanguinarine
Question: What is the difference between Sanguinaria and papaver?
Papaver has capsules that open through pores while sanguinaria open through valves
What are the 4 characteristics of eudicots?
Seedlings with 2 cotyledons
Vascular bundles arranged on one circle in the stems
Leaves with pinnate or palmate venation (monocots have parallel)
Flowers 4 or 5-merous (monocots have 3)
What TYPE of plant is the family Ranunculaceae?
Herbs; often toxic
What are the LEAVES of the family Ranunculaceae?
alternate, simple or compound
What are the FLOWERS of the family Ranunculaceae?
bisexual, radial or zygomorphic.
What are the TEPALS of the family Ranunculaceae?
4 to inf., or perianth differentiated in sepals and petals (usually 5).
What is the ANDROECIUM of the family Ranunculaceae?
inf.
What is the GYNOECIUM of the family Ranunculaceae?
apocarpous (means aggregate fruit); carpels 5 to inf; ovary superior.
What is the FRUIT of the family Ranunculaceae?
usually aggregate of achenes or follicles
Which 3 genera are aggregate of achenes and which 3 genera are aggregates of follicles?
Ranunculus, Anemon, Thalicrum
Caltha, Aquilegia, Aconitum
Buttercups are usually toxic with ______.
Alkaloids
What are the LEAVES of Ranunculus?
palmately divided
What are the FLOWERS of Ranunculus?
Flowers: 5 sepals; 5 petals with a nectar-producing basal portion covered by a scale.
What is the FRUIT of Ranunculus?
aggregate of achenes
What is the difference between Ranunculus and Anemone?
Anemone Flowers = Flowers: without sepals; 5 tepals without a nectar-producing basal portion;
True or False: Various parts of Anemone canadensis were used medicinally by Native Americans in the treatment of wounds, nasal haemorrhages, eye problems, and sore throats
True
What flower is talked about mythologically in the death of Adonis?
red anemone flower (Anemone coronaria) from his blood.
What are the LEAVES of the genera caltha?
serrate
What are the FLOWERS of the genera caltha?
sepals absent; 5 (sometimes >) tepals without a nectar -producing basal portion.
What is the FRUIT of the genera caltha?
aggregate of follicles
What is caltha used for?
Native Americans used various preparations of the roots of Caltha palustris medicinally to treat colds and sores, as an aid in childbirth and to induce vomiting, and as a protection against love charms
What are the LEAVES of the genera Thalictrum?
pinnately compound or trifoliate
What are the FLOWERS of the genera Thalictrum?
4 green tepals; unisexual; male flowers with pendulous stamens
What is the FRUIT of the genera Thalictrum?
aggregate of achenes.
True or False: Pollination is done by wind for the genera Thalictrum?
True
Where can T. dioicum be found?
Dry to moist, often rocky woods.
What are the LEAVES of the genera Aquilegia?
pinnately compound
What are the FLOWERS of the genera Aquilegia?
5 tepals, each tepal
with a spur (where nectar is, pollinated by hummingbirds and butterflies)
What is the FRUIT of the genera Aquilegia?
aggregate of follicles
Where can A. canadensis be found?
Dry to moist forests, rock barrens & cliffs
What is Aquilegia used for?
Native Americans prepared infusions from various parts of plants of Aquilegia canadensis to treat heart trouble, kidney problems, headaches, bladder problems, and fever, and as a wash for poison ivy; pulverized seeds were used as love charms; and a compound was used to detect bewitchment
True or False: Most ornamental cultivars and hybrids come from Aquilegia vulgaris
True
_____ is the most poisonous group of plants in the world.
Aconitum
What are the LEAVES of the genera Aconitum?
palmately divided
What are the FLOWERS of the genera Aconitum?
zygomorphic; 5 tepals, one tepal shaped like a hood
What is the FRUIT of the genera Aconitum?
aggregate of follicles.
Where can A. columbianum be found?
Moist woods
______ has been ascribed with supernatural powers relating to werewolves, either to repel them, relating to ______ use in poisoning wolves and other animals, or in some way induce their lycanthropic condition,
Aconite x2
Andre Noble died of _____ poisoning (2004) after accidentally ingesting monkshood on a camping trip in Newfoundland.
aconitine
Which is the only ranunculus with zygomorphic flowers?
Aconitum
What are the 3 characteristics of the Fagales order?
mostly woody plants; unisexual flowers with sepaloid tepals, inferior ovary
What TYPE of plant is the family Fagaceae?
Trees & shrubs
What are the LEAVES of the family Fagaceae?
alternate, simple
What are the FLOWERS of the family Fagaceae?
unisexual with sepaloid tepals.
What are the INFLORESCENCES of the family Fagaceae? (Male and Female)
- male flowers in catkins.
- female flowers grouped 1 to 3 in a cup resulted from the fusion of many little bracts
What is the FRUIT of the family Fagaceae?
achenes (nuts) accompanied or enclosed by cup
______ genera = cup scaly, partially encloses one female flower and later one nut (acorn
______ genera = cup spiny or prickled (but the surface of cup is visible) totally encloses 2 female flowers and later nuts.
_______ genera = Cupules spiny (densely so: you cannot see the surface of the cup) completely enclose 3 female flower and later nuts.
Quercus
Fagus
Castanea
What are the LEAVES of the genera Quercus (oak)?
commonly lobed
macrocarpa – Bur oak:
Rounded leaf lobes & cup with fringed margins
rubra – Red oak: cuspidate-acuminate lobes & smooth cup
The seeds of Q. ______ are considered to be one of the most palatable of all the oaks
macrocarpa
What are the LEAVES of the genera Fagus (beech)?
Serrate
_____ seeds are an important source of food for wildlife
Fagus
What are the LEAVES of the genera Castanea (Chestnut)?
deeply serrate
After 1930, most populations of Castanea dentata were nearly destroyed by the ______ caused by the introduced fungus ______
chestnut blight
Cryphonectria parasitica
What TYPE of plant is the family Betulaceae?
Trees & shrubs
What are the LEAVES of the family Betulaceae?
alternate, simple
What is the INFLORESCENCE of the family Betulaceae? (M and F)
male flowers in catkins.
- female flowers with bract(s) at base, arranged in catkins with simple cymes OR in clusters with 1-5 flowers
What are the FLOWERS of the family Betulaceae?
unisexual, with sepaloid tepals
What is the FRUIT of the family Betulaceae?
samaras or achenes (nuts) accompanied by bracts (which sometimes form an involucre at base)
What are the 4 characteristics of the genera Betula?
Often whitish- bark
Female catkins disarticulate
Bracts 3-lobed
Fruit samara
True or False: Paper birch is a pioneer species that cannot tolerate shade. It rapidly colonizes open disturbed sites created by wildfire or windthrow, but lasts only one generation before being replaced by shade-tolerant conifers or northern hardwoods
True
What are the 2 characteristics of Corylus (Hazelnut)?
Only male fl in catkins; female fl grouped 1-5.
Fruit: nut with an involucre at base
Where can Corylus americana
grow?
C. americana grows along streams, hedgerows, meadows, woodlands, roadsides, and forest margins. It is shade tolerant, it can grow under a light intensity of 15% or less; even as low as 1%. `
What TYPE of plant is the family Juglandaceae?
Trees & shrubs
What are the LEAVES of the family Juglandaceae?
alternate, pinnately compound
What is the INFLORESCENCES of the family Juglandaceae? (M and F)
- male flowers in catkins.
- female flowers 1-3.
What are the FLOWERS of the family Juglandaceae?
unisexual, with sepaloid tepals.
What are the FRUITS of the family Juglandaceae?
drupe-like
What are the differences between J. nigra and J. cinera?
J. cinerea: Pith dark chocolate brown; fruit (also the nut within) ovoid-oblong; terminal leaflet present on mature leaves, not strongly reduced in size compared to the adjacent lateral
J. nigra: Pith pale (tan to cream); fruit spherical; terminal leaflet absent or much smaller than the adjacent lateral leaflet
_____ genera have usually larger leaflets.
Carya (hickory)
True or False: The best known use of black walnut is for its lumber and veneer.
True
True or False: hickories are also valued for the utility and beauty of their wood, for their ornamental value in the landscape, and for their quality as a fuel wood
True
Describe the fruit of the Juglandaceae family?
The fruit is a partially dehiscent drupe. The fleshy part of the pericarp dries out, brakes apart and is gradually removed. However, the lignified endocarp continues to enclose the seed.
