Lecture 1: Key Biodiversity Concepts Flashcards
_____ is a species that evolved in a certain geographical area
Native
_____ (introduced, non-native, exotic): species introduced deliberately or accidentally from a different geographical area.
Alien
___ is a species that spread subsequent to establishment affecting ecosystems and causing economic, biodiversity and/or ecological losses.
invasive
_____ is agricultural or horticultural crops
cultivated
_____ is plants escaped from cultivation
Feral/volunteer
_______ tends to refer to species that have negative economic impacts on agriculture, forestry or otherwise adversely affect human interests.
Weeds
______ is native in Canada but invasive in Europe following the introduction as ornamental.
Solidago canadensis (Canada goldenrod):
_____ is native to Europe but invasive in North America.
Alliaria petiolata (Garlic mustard)
Know the 9 IUCN conservation status ranks
Extinct (EX) Extinct in the wild (EW) Critically endangered (CR) Endangered (EN) Vulnerable (VU) Near threatened (NT) Least concern (LC) Data deficient (DD) Not evaluated (NE)
What plant species in known to be critically imperiled in Ontario?
Opuntia humifusa
What plant species in known to be possibly extirpated in NA?
Cuscuta warneri
Percentage of threatened or endangered
species imperiled by:
Habitat degradation and loss
Invasive species
Pollution
Overexploitation
85%, 49%, 24%, 17%`
How do invasive species impact native species?
Can be competitors, parasites or hosts for diseases.
Can modify the habitat.
Can promote spread of other invaders.
What is the estimated annual costs associated with invasive plants in Canada
2.2 billion
True or False: 25% of all canadian flora is invasive.
True
What is number one reason for intentional introduction of invasive plants?
Agricultural crop
What is number one reason for non-intentional introduction of invasive plants?
With other plant products, contaminants in seeds
What percent of the plant species in Canada are the result of a deliberate introductions?
58%
What are the 6 characteristics of a invasive species?
high reproductive potential
fast growth
good competitors
high tolerance to a wide range of environmental conditions
very good at dispersal
thrive in habitats with a degree of disturbance
What are the 3 stages of invasion?
Introduction (transport)
Establishment
Spread
_______ (garlic mustard) was introduced in N America as a culinary herb from Eurasia at the end of 19th century
Alliaria petiolata
What are the characteristics of Alliaria petiolata?
Biennial
Resistant to shading; plants remain green in the winter after the 1st year
Allelopathy
____ are a perennial plant invasive to wetland habitats, 2 million seeds per plant that can be easily distributed.
Lythrum salicaria, Purple loosestrife
What invasive plant can cause phytophotodermatitis in humans and is dispersed by water
Giant hogweed (Heracleum mantegazzianum)
What asexual reproducing plant is perennial and invasive in grasslands?
Taraxacum officinale- Dandelion
Excellent dispersal
