Lecture 3 - Sex & Violence

Question 1

Name and define the 6 main non-contact offences.

Answer 1

Voyeurism - watching others have sex
Exhibitionism - Exposing genitals
Telephone Scatalogia - sexual gratification over phone
Pornography - possession, manufacturing, distribution
Grooming - develop relationships under false pretences
Dogging - allowing others to watch sex

Question 2

Define rape and the 4 different types of it.

Answer 2

Assault by penetration - problematic definition.
Not consented - consent means they have agreed by choice and have the freedom and capacity to do so.

1. Statutory rape - victims underage to give consent.
2. Stranger - least common
3. Date & Acquaintance - know perpetrator
4. Rape by fraud - fraudulent basis for consent e.g. patient.

Question 3

Briefly outline who the perpetrators of rape are

Answer 3

Most are under 40 with half being under 25.

Most co-occur with other antisocial behaviour.

Question 4

Briefly outline the Massachusetts Treatment Centre Rapist Typology.

Answer 4

4 major types, 9 subdivisions based on clinical research.

Instrumental - enough force for compliance, as violent as need to.
Expressive - violence to humiliate & terrify

1. Opportunistic - high/low social competence
2. Pervasively Angry
3. Sexual - sadistic (overt or muted) non-sadistic (low/high social competence).
4. Vindictive - low/moderate social competence.

Most stereotypical = non-sadistic, instrumental, motivated by arousal and fantasy.

Question 5

Name the 4 different types of rape that explain the overall narrative.

Answer 5

1. Power Assurance - secure about identity, most common
2. Power-Assertive - sexually & socially confident
3. Anger-Retaliatory - anger to women, target women that match trigger.
4. Anger-Excitement - vindictive, sadistic, pleasure from distress/violence.

Question 6

Outline Groth Rapist Typology and Child Molester Typology

Answer 6

Rape is a pseudo-sexual act.
Never the result of simply sexual arousal that has no other opportunity for gratification, always a symptom of other psychological dysfunction.

Many fail to orgasm - not about sex but about power.

Question 7

Name Canter’s 3 patterns that distinguish between types of rapist.

Answer 7

Theft
Involvement (convincing victim they are in it together)
Hostility

Question 8

Name the 4 theories of rape & sexual offending and their associated researchers.

Answer 8

1. Feminist Theory - Brownmiller 1975
2. Evolutionary Theory - Thornhill & Parker 2000
3. Socialisation - Kaufman 1997
4. Mental Illness/Dysfunctional Schema - Willmott 2013

Question 9

Define paedophilia according to the DSM criteria and the 2 types associated with this.

Answer 9

Over 6 months of recurrent intense sexually arousing fantasies, urges or behaviours involving sexual activity with a prepubescent child (exclusive & non-exclusive).

1. Fixated - permanent fixation on children
2. Regressed - had relationships with adults bur regressed in development and became interested in children.

Question 10

Name and explain the 4 theories of paedophilia.

Answer 10

1. Preconditions - emotional immaturity, lack of self-esteem.
2. Psychotherapeutic/ Cog distortions - non-normative beliefs “teaching”.
3. Sexualisation - revictimisation, cycle of abuse
4. Pathways - distal & proximal = nature and environment.

Question 11

Name the 4 psychological mechanisms in sexual assault behaviour, according to Willmott 2013.

Answer 11

1. Intimacy & Social Skills Deficit
2. Deviant sexual scripts
3. Emotional Dysregulation
4. Cog distortions and antisocial