Lecture 11 - Treatment, Punishment & Rehabitiliation

Question 1

What is Penology?

Answer 1

The study of legal punishment and how they are administered

Question 2

What are the 3 justifications for punishment?

Answer 2

1. Retribution
2. Deterrence
   3 Confinement

Rehabilitation - separate justification, moral issue.

Question 3

What is restorative justice and its advantages?

Answer 3

Restore relations between offender, victim and community. A conversation with mediator present.

• Improves experience of victim - satisfied.
• Encourage offender to take responsibilty
• Repair garm
• Give community sense of justice

Question 4

Define Prison & Probation.

Answer 4

Prison: protect public through physical holding in custody. Type of crime? Fraud dangerous in law not in physical way.

Probation: protect public through assessing and managing offender risk in community.

Question 5

What are the National Offender Management Service (NOMS) aims?

Answer 5

1. Protect the public
2. Reduce reoffending
3. Punish offenders
4. Develop awareness
5. Rehabilitate offenders

Question 6

What are the 4 types of penalty/prevention?

Answer 6

1. Compensatory penalties - returning something to victim.
2. Punishment orders - community service
3. Intensive Supervision Programme - tagging, education, rewards.
4. Shock incarceration - expose at risk groups to reality e.g. bootcamp.

Question 7

According to Visher & Travis 2003, what are the 4 risks of re-offending?

Answer 7

1. Pre-prison: drug abuse, employment, support network
2. Prison: sentence, treatment, contact with family/friends
3. ST Post-Prison: somewhere to live, support, transition.
4. LT Post-Prison: employment

Question 8

According to Scott 2010, what works?

Answer 8

• Programmes need strong theoretical, empirical foundation.
• Target medium-high risk offenders
• Focus on dynamic rather than static risk; flexible not one size.
• Use social learning/ CBT style
• No shortcuts.

Question 9

What is the Stress Induction Model as proposed by Novaco 1975?

Answer 9

Form of CBT with 3 steps:

1. Cog preparation - better at handling anger, triggers and response.
2. Skill acquisition - practising
3. Application - role play

Question 10

What are the 3 types of offender treatment programme?

Answer 10

1. Token economy - reward/punish behaviour
2. Drug & Alcohol - legal restraints of of consumption, decrease dependence
3. Cog-Behavioural - motivation, self-control, coping, interpersonal.

Programme non-completion = more likely to reoffend.

Most effective = individual level change, thinking and info processing.