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EXCI 259: PHYSIOLOGY > lecture 3: pulm function test > Flashcards

lecture 3: pulm function test Flashcards

1
Q

what are 3 reasons for performing pulm function tests

A

1) Diagnossi (allegrgies, resp infections, chronic disease ex: COPD)
2) Presurgery screening (for lung function)
3) Assess treatment of current condition

=quick way to assess pulm health

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2
Q

what are 3 different methods of measurement for pulm fucntion test

A

1) plethysmography (measures changes in pressure)
2) gas dilution test (ex: nitrogen washout, helium dilution)
3) Spirometry (measures changes in vol)

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3
Q

what are some factors that affect PFT results

A

age
height
sex
ethniticty

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4
Q

explain how age can affect PFT results

A

increase age=decrease elasticity of lungs

=decreaese PFT values

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5
Q

explain how height can affect PFT values

A

if you have a larger height= larger PFT values

larger lung size

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6
Q

explain how sex can affect PFT values

A

males have larger PFT values than females

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7
Q

explain how ethnicity can affect PFT values

A

there are anthropometric differences across ethnicities that will affect it

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8
Q

what are the indications for before doing PFT

A

1) no smoking within 1 hour of test
2) no alchohol consumption within 4 hours of test
3) no vig exercise 30 minutes before test
4) no large meals within 2 hours of test (stom will take more space)

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9
Q

what are the 4 static luung valomes

A

tidal vol
inspiratory reserve volume
expiratory reserve volume
residual volume

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10
Q

explain tidal volum

A

the volume of air inhaled/exhaled during a nromal breath
=without concious effort

(normally 200-500 ml but can increase to more than 3L)

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11
Q

does IRV decreaese or icnrease with exrcise and why

A

it decreases because tidal volume increases

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12
Q

explain inspiratory reserve volume

A

the vol of air that can be maximally inhaled at the end of a normal tidal inspiration
(end todal to max inhale)

normally approx 1900 in fem
3000 in men

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13
Q

explain Expiratory reselve volume

A

the vol of air that can be maximally exhaled after a normal tidal exhalation
(end tidal to max exhale)

normal: 700 ml in fem
1100 in males

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14
Q

does ERV increase or decrease with exrecise and why

A

it decreases bceause tidal vol increases

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15
Q

what is residual vol

A

vol of gas remaining in the lungs after a forced/maximal exhalation

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16
Q

what is the function of residual vol

A

The residual lung volume is important for helping pulmonary function since it allows the gas exchange between the blood and the alveoli to be uninterrupted even between breaths

prevents fluctuations and variations of the gases and present in the blood and their concentrations during the entire breathing cycle

the residual volume allows the alveoli to remain open between breaths, to allow for continual gas exchange at all times

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17
Q

what are the 4 lung capacites

A

inspiratory capacity
function residual capaicty
vital capacity
total lung capcitty

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18
Q

explain inspirtaoty capcity

A

Inspiratory capacity (IC): The maximum volume that can be inhaled from the end of a normal resting exhalation (IC = VT + IRV).

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19
Q

explain functional residual capacity

A

Functional residual capacity (FRC): The volume of gas remaining in the lungs at the end of a normal resting exhalation (FRC = ERV + RV).

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20
Q

explain vital capacity

A
  1. Vital capacity (VC): The greatest volume of gas that can be exhaled by maximal effort after a maximum inhalation (VC = IRV + VT + ERV).
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21
Q

explain total lung capacity

A
  1. Total lung capacity (TLC): The volume of gas in the lungs at the time of maximal inhalation. It is the sum of VC and RV (TLC = IRV + VT + ERV + RV).
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22
Q

how do you mark off the volumes and capacities on a graph

A

1) choose the smallest tidal vol before maneuver (but not the first one right before test)
(from end of tidal to end of inhale)

2)

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23
Q

in the lung volumes tset, each box is how many liters

A

0.1 L

24
Q

how do you measure inspiratory server volume off graph

A

from the end of the tidal inhale all the way to the max inspiration

25
Q

how do you measure expiratory server volume off graph

A

measure from end of the tidal breath to end of expiration

26
Q

how do you calculate RV

A

usually just estimated at 1 L

27
Q

what does the forced expirations test measure

A

dynamic lung volume (allows us to observe air flow, compliance of chest and lungs)

28
Q

what are the 3 exhale cirtearia inn the forced expirations test

A

1) exhale needs to be quick
2) exhale should be fprceful
3) exhaule sould be held as long as possible

(at least 6 seconds)

29
Q

what are the variables we are measureing in the forced expirations test

A

1) forced expiratory volume in 1 sec
2) forced vital capacity

3) FEV1/FVC

30
Q

how many times is the forced expiration test completed and how do you know which test to choose

A

done 3 times but choose the one with the longest duration for exhale

31
Q

explain how to mark the graph for forced expiration test

A

1) mark time 0 (where exhale begins)
=start where dramatic downslope starts

2) mark 1 sec over to establish FVC
3) mark from the max (the beg of exhale) all the way down to lowest point in exhalation

32
Q

what is considered a normal FEV1.FV ration

A

greater than 0.7

33
Q

what is considered a low FEV1/FVC ratio

A

less than or equal to 0.70

34
Q

how do you calculate % preduced FVC

A

FVC measured/FVC predicted

35
Q

if someone has a normal ratio, and a predicted FVC that is greater or equal to 0.8, what does that indicate

A

indicates normal FEv1 and normal FVC

36
Q

if someone has a normal ratio, and a predicted FVC that is less than 0.8, what does that indicate

A

that the FVC only is reduced
(restrictive)
=difficult to expand the lungs (it is a volume limitation)

37
Q

if someone has a low ratio, and a predicted FVC that is less than 0.8, what does that indicate

A

both FEv1 and FVC are reduced, you have mixed disorders

38
Q

if someone has a low ratio, and a predicted FVC that is equal or greater than 0.8, what does that indicate

A

only fev1 is reduced
=obstructive
=limiated to flow (harder to expty lungs)

39
Q

know the forced expiration interpretation chart

A

.

40
Q

what is the main symptoms shared between obstructive and restrictive breathing disorders

A

dyspnea

41
Q

how can you calculate the severity of the obstruction

A

calculate the % predicted FEv1

%FEV1 meaured/predicted

42
Q

explain obstructive lung disordderes

A

they have an airflow limitation caused by some sort of obstruction (sometimes inflammation of airways)
=cannot exhale/push out air quickly
=bad Fev1

43
Q

give some examples of obstructuve lung dieases

A 
COPD
Emphysema
Bronchitis
Asthma
cystic fibrosis
44
Q

epxlain resisttrictive lung disorders

A

difficult to expand lungs(volume limitation)

=lungs cannot expand well due to compliacne issues (sometimes scar tisse and inflammation)

45
Q

what are some examples of restrictive lung disorders

A

Obseity
scoliosis
neuromuscular disease
intersitial lung disease

46
Q

If a subject’s VC is in the normal range for his/her

age, size and gender, the subject likely has no BLANK

A

Pulm disease

47
Q

what is FEV1

A

the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1 –

volume that the subject is able to exhale in the first second of the FVC maneuver, expressed in L

48
Q

wha t is FVC

A

volume of gas that is expired by maximal effort after a maximum inhalation, expressed in L)

49
Q

explain what happens to FEV and FVC in airway obstructions

A

In conditions where the airways are obstructed (i.e., such as in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis)
the FVC is normal (> 80%). However, the rate of expiratory flow (and thus the FEV1) is reduced (< 80%)

50
Q

explain what happens to FVC and FEV1 in restrictive diseases

A

In conditions where the lung volume is reduced (i.e., restrictive diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis, scoliosis, and tuberculosis)
the FVC is compromised (< 80%). However, the FEV1/FVC ratio may be
normal or even greater than normal due to the normal FEV1 value

51
Q

what is the def of MVV (max voluntary ventilation)

A

It is defined as the maximum volume of air that can be exhaled over a specified period of time
=largst amount of air that can move in and out of lung in one minute)

52
Q

the MVV test provides information on what

A

measures respirtatory muscle stregnth

=provides info on airway resistance, lung elasticity, lung compliace, and respiratory muscle mechanics

53
Q

what is the goal in terms of breaths/min and vol for the MVV test

A

90 breaths/min

about 50% of VC

54
Q

how do you extract data for MVV test

A

mark off center (start of exhale of first maneurveer)
=measureeing all of the exhale volumes up until the last one
(do not inlclue last one that has normal breath)

sum all the volumes and measure the time from begining of first exhale to end of last exhale
=calcualte MVV

55
Q

what does it mean if the MVV graph has a downward trend

A

person is breathing out more than they are breathinging in

=respiratory muscle fatigue/increase work of breathing

56
Q

what does it mean if MVV graph has upward slope

A

indicates air trapping

not exhaling as much as inhaling

57
Q

what is the MVV interpresation equation and the norm values

A

MVV measured / (40 * FEV1 measured)

if ration < 0.80, this indicates MVV is low relative to FEV1, which suggests disease or poor effort

EXCI 259: PHYSIOLOGY (21 decks)

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