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Understanding Mental Health and Wellbeing > Lecture 3- Psychodynamic Approaches > Flashcards

Lecture 3- Psychodynamic Approaches Flashcards

1
Q

What are the great demotions?

A

Copernicus, Darwin and Freud

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2
Q

What is the Copernicus demotion?

A

Dethroned the earth (the sun is the centre of the universe)

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3
Q

What is the Darwin demotion?

A

Dethroned the homo sapiens, a result of an evolutionary process

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4
Q

What is the Freud demotion?

A

Dethroned rationality (the motivations tha drive behaviour are unconscious, base and irrational)

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5
Q

What was the psychoanalytic theory emphasise?

A

Emphasises the role of internal mental process and early childhood experience

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6
Q

What is personality and psychological disoder an outcome of?

A

Dynamic interaction

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7
Q

What does psychopathology result from?

A

Unconscious conflicts in the individual

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8
Q

What are the 3 parts of the mind?

A

Conscious mind, pre-conscious and unconscious

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9
Q

What is the pre-conscious mind?

A

Recallable to consciousness

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10
Q

What is the unconscious mind?

A

Unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings and memories

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11
Q

What is the conscious mind?

A

Accessible thoughts

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12
Q

Why does the unconscious repress thoughts?

A

We control urges to keep them from entering conscious awareness as society does not allow free expression of sexual instincts

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13
Q

What is the tripartite model of the Psyche?

A

Ego, superego and ID

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14
Q

What is the ego characteristics?

A

Reality principle, mediates ID and superego, secondary process thinking development of strategies for solving problems and obtaining satisfaction, executive branch

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15
Q

What is the superego characteristics?

A

Moral structure (conscience), internalised taboos and moral values, morality principles, unconstraint by reality (sets high standards)

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16
Q

What is the ID characteristics?

A

Most primitive, instinctual drives, pleasure principle, primary process thinking characterised the ID, judicial branch

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17
Q

What is compromise formation

A

Ego tries to find the balance between demands of motivation, morality and practicality

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18
Q

What did Enoch and Ball find?

A

Capgras delusions (represents an attempt to well forbidden desires) resolve ambivalent feelings of love and hatred towards a spouse of close relative.

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19
Q

What did Capgras and Carette find?

A

Capgras delusions represents an attempt to veil forbidden incestuous desires

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20
Q

What does Freud say about anxiety?

A

Causal role in the most forms of psychopathology

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21
Q

What are the 3 types of anxiety?

A

Objective, neurotic and moral

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22
Q

What is objective anxiety?

A

Fear of danger from the real world, level is proportionate to degree of threat

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23
Q

What is neurotic anxiety?

A

Fear that instincts will get out of hand and cause someone to do something which they will be punished for

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24
Q

What is moral anxiety?

A

Fear of one’s own conscience (feeling guilty when we do something against the moral code)

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25
Q

What are the defence mechanisms?

A

Repression, denial, projection, reaction formation, regression, undoing, compensation, sublimation, humour

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26
Q

What is repression?

A

Blocks threatening material from the consciousness

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27
Q

What is projection?

A

Attributing ones own unacceptable impulse or action to another. We can then condemn the impulse in the other people instead of condemning ourselves

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28
Q

What is displacement?

A

Discharging of pent up feelings on safer targets than those that arouse the feelings

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29
Q

What is reaction formation?

A

Expressing the exact opposite of an unacceptable desire

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30
Q

What is regression?

A

Retreating to an earlier development level involving less mature behaviour and responsibility

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31
Q

What is undoing?

A

A repetitive action that symbolically atones for an unacceptable impulse or behaviour

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32
Q

What is compensation?

A

Making up for feelings of inferiority or perceived limitations by developing other positive traits

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33
Q

What is sublimation?

A

Channeling frustrated sexual or aggressive energies into different areas particularly more socially acceptable or evem admirable areas

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34
Q

What is humour?

A

Dealing with unpleasant ideas or situations with wit and self-deprecationW

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35
Q

What is denial?

A

Not acknowledge a situation

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36
Q

What does Freud say that fainting is?

A

Fainting represents the most massive denial, the refusal or inability to remain conscious in the face of a threat

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37
Q

What does Freud say about humour?

A

Jokes allows the expression of impulses ordinarily held in check, especially aggressive and sexual impulses. Laughing will release tension

38
Q

What did Nevo and Nevo do?

A

Asked high school students to write funny captions to pictures, students used freud’s techniques (students responses were filled with aggressive and sexual themes

39
Q

What are the stages of psychosexual development?

A

Emergence of the ego and superego are associated with 5 stages of personality development

40
Q

What are the stages of psychosexual development characterised by?

A

A dominant mode of achieving libidinal energy where the erogenous zones are bodily areas which are the focus of pleasure

41
Q

What can occur if a child doesn’t resolve conflict at a particular stage?

A

T hey may get fixated in that stage resulting in a corresponding adult character type

42
Q

What does each stage represent?

A

A more mature mode of obtaining sexual gratification

43
Q

When is the oral stage?

A

Birth to 18 months

44
Q

What are the erogenous zones of the oral stage?

A

Mouth, lips, tongue

45
Q

What are the conflicts of the oral stage?

A

Dependency on others, fixated on alcoholism, eating disorders, smoking

46
Q

When is the anal stage?

A

18 months to 3 years

47
Q

What are the erogenous zones of the anal stage?

A

Anus + buttocks region. The child obtains pleasures from expelling faeces during toilet training and from retaining faeces

48
Q

What are the conflicts of the anal stage?

A

Key conflicts are associated with issues of self-control. Anal retentive and anal expulsive

49
Q

What are characteristics of anal retentive?

A

Organised, controlled, rigid, obsessive-compulsive, stingy

50
Q

What are characteristics of anal expulsive?

A

Disorganised, messy and overly generous

51
Q

When is the phallic stage?

A

3-5 years

52
Q

What are the erogenous zones of the phallic stage?

A

G enitals

53
Q

What are the conflicts of phallic stage?

A

Oedipal and electra, castration anxiety, penis envy. Sexual desire for opposite sex parent and desire to eliminate same sex

54
Q

What is the resolution of the phallic stage?

A

I dentification with same sex parent and development of superego

55
Q

What are phobias in the psychodynamic approach?

A

Phobias are from when an unconscious anxiety is displaced onto a neutral or symbolic object

56
Q

What is little Hans?

A

Horse phobia after seeing a horse fall to the ground, freud says that Hans’ oedipal fears of his father was displaced onto horses and was symbolic of penises (fear of castration from his father)

57
Q

Where do fetishes originate?

A

Fetishes originates in the male child’s horror of castration

58
Q

What is the fetishistic object a symbol of?

A

A symbolic substitute for the mother’s missing penis

59
Q

When is the latency stage?

A

6-12 years

60
Q

What is sexual motivations channels in in the latency stage?

A

Age-appropriate interests such as sports and hobbies

61
Q

When is the genital stage?

A

Puberty to adulthood

62
Q

What is the person driven by in the genital stage?

A

Individual is driven by two basic motivating forces: sex and aggression

63
Q

How do individual release the energy in the genital stage?

A

Socially appropriate channels through sexual intercourse with age appropriate adults, sports and career progression

64
Q

What is the goal of the psychoanalytic theory?

A

The bringing into conscious awareness of formerly unconscious material. Curing of psychological disorders

65
Q

What are the psychoanalytic theory tools?

A

Interpretation, outcoming the resistance of patients, neutrality, transference, resisting countertransference

66
Q

What is interpretation?

A

Suggesting hidden meaning to patients’ accounts of their lives

67
Q

What is neutrality?

A

A distant stance to minimise therapist’s personal influence

68
Q

What is transference?

A

Patients transfer their feelings about people in their lives onto the analyst and avoiding reacting as the real figure would

69
Q

What is countertransference?

A

The their own feelings won’t influence their responses

70
Q

What are the characteristics of countertransference?

A

Idealisation, invitation to rescue, acting the helpless child, seeking approval, invitation to intimacy, loss of objectivity, preoccupation

71
Q

What is malan triangles?

A

Developed which represent transference in psychotherapy

72
Q

What are the three windows into the unconscious?

A

Free association, slips of the tongue, dreams

73
Q

What is free association?

A

The client verbalising whatever comes to mind with censoring the stream of thought

74
Q

What is the goal of free association?

A

Revealing aspects of the unconscious mind and desires

75
Q

What are slips of the tongue?

A

Psychic determinism where accident of daily life are expression of motivated unconscious

76
Q

What is dream analysis?

A

Road to the unconscious where the therapist tries to analyse the dream

77
Q

What is dream work?

A

The process where the brain censors dreams

78
Q

What occurs in dreams?

A

Unconscious desires by the need to be censored and changed into ideocratic symbols

79
Q

What is the latent content of dreams?

A

The hidden psychological content of the dreams, disguised to be less traumatic

80
Q

What is the manifest content of dreams?

A

The dream that the conscious individual remembers experiencing.

81
Q

What are the strengths of Freud’s theory?

A

Revolutionary and high influence

82
Q

What is revolutionary of Freud’s theory?

A

Major influence on popular culture and generation of other theories

83
Q

What is influential of Freud’s theory?

A

Influential in society outside of Psychology

84
Q

What did Redmond and Shulman find?

A

86% of classes psychoanalysis is taught outside of the Psychology department

85
Q

What are the limitation of Freud’s theory?

A

Data, falsifability, unparsimonous, sexism,

86
Q

What is falsifiability?

A

Falsifiability is the capacity for some proposition, statement, theory or hypothesis to be proven wrong which psychodynamic cannot

87
Q

What is wrong with Freud’s data?

A

Mostly uses case studies and based on observation of wealthy educated Viennese women and recorded his interpretations rather than describing the actual behaviour

88
Q

Why is Freud’s theory unparsimonious?

A

Many theories are often confusing and could be simplier

89
Q

Why is Freud’s theory sexist?

A

Says women castrate men and develop weaker superegos so have weaker moral characters

90
Q

What is intensive short term dynamic psychotherapy?

A

Aims to help patient experience warded off feelings, tries to achieve as quickly as possible and works with the unconscious

91
Q

What is psychoanalytic neutrality?

A

A barrier for forming therapeutic alliance

92
Q

What are the key points of Leichsenring and Rabring?

A

Found that long term psychotherapy is effective for complex mental disorders
Short term psychotherapy is effective but insufficient for chronic comorbidity

Understanding Mental Health and Wellbeing (8 decks)

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