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Public Health Exam 1 > Lecture 3 - Politics, Science, and Prevention > Flashcards

Lecture 3 - Politics, Science, and Prevention Flashcards

1
Q

What is a major expectation of every civilized society??

A

The living conditions will be basically healthy

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2
Q

What are the 4 basic expectations in a civilized society?

A

Water is safe to drink
Food is safe to eat
aspirin is really aspirin
medication is safe

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3
Q

Give some reasons as to why people’s lives in the United States are healthier today

A

clean water, air food
better nutrition
FDA - regulation of products and medication

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4
Q

The term “public health” refers to 2 different but related concepts. What are they??

A

IMPROVING PEOPLE’S HEALTH

MAINTAINING THAT IMPROVEMENT

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5
Q

People most often look to _____ to take primary responsibility for public health

A

all levels of the government (state, local, federal)

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6
Q

PUBLIC HEALTH IS ALWAYS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF _______ AND _______

A

Government and politics

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7
Q

Name 3 roles of the government in public health?

A
  1. Sponsor research/education programs
  2. Law’s regulating people’s behavior
  3. Laws requiring immunization of school children
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8
Q

PUBLIC HEALTH IS A HUGE SOCIAL ASPECT. Charles winslow said the development of ___________ will ensure every individual has a certain standard of living

A

SOCIAL MACHINER

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9
Q

“The science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life…”

A

-cancer screening
-Drug research
-Physical health

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10
Q

“The sanitation of the environment…”

A

-clean water
-trash removal
-pollution

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11
Q

“The control of community infections…”

A

-CDC
-Vaccines
-Safe foods

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12
Q

“education in principles of personal hygiene….”

A

-School
-Campaigns

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13
Q

“organization of medical services for early diagnosis and prevention…”

A

-cancer screening
-women’s health initiatives

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14
Q

“development of social machinery…..”

A

-medicare
-social outreach programs
-HHS

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15
Q

Is winslow’s definition of public health considered valid today?

A

YES

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16
Q

What are the several key successes of public health

A

-Life expectancy up
-Infant mortality down
-Cigarette smoking down dramatically

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17
Q

What are several key challenges of public health

A

increased gov spending
elderly have increased expenses due to disease
mental health, teen pregnancy

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18
Q

Medicine focuses on……

A

HEALING PATIENTS WHO ARE ILL

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19
Q

Public health focuses on……

A

preventing illness by sterilizing or blocking risk factors

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20
Q

Contrast achievements of medicine vs public health

A

medicine - curing a sick patient is easily recognizable

public health cannot point to individuals who have been spared illness because of its efforts

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21
Q

Public health programs save ____ on ______

A

SAVE MONEY ON MEDICAL COSTS

22
Q

PUBLIC HEALTH, LIKE MEDICAL PRACTICE, IS BASED ON______

A

SCIENCE

23
Q

Public health is much more influenced by ____ than_____

A

politics than medicine

24
Q

Even if public health officials know everything about a certain issue, what must happen before the problem is addressed???

A

A political decision

25
Q

Public health officials are often impatient with ____

A

Politics

26
Q

Public health draws knowledge from 6 general areas…..

A
  1. Epidemiology (statistics)
  2. Biomedical sciences
  3. Environmental science
  4. Social science
  5. Behavioral science
  6. Toxicology
27
Q

What is epidemiology?

A

key science for identifying risk factors, determine if our policies are effective. focuses on human populations starting with an outbreak of disease in a community

28
Q

Of the 3 strategies, which 2 are concerned with epidemiology?

A

assessment, assurance

29
Q

Epidemiology is not only important for understanding the cause of disease, but for……

A

local issues- finding the source of a food poisoning outbreak

30
Q

What is the LANGUAGE of epidemiology?

A

STATISTICS - data collection and analysis

31
Q

What do governments collect data on?

A

births, deaths
causes of death
cancer cases
occupational injuries
outbreaks of certain disease

32
Q

What are the biomedical sciences?

A

prevention and control of diseases especially those caused by microorganisms. understand them better to figure out how to control the spread.

Development of drugs, procedures

33
Q

What is toxicology?

A

utilized by BOTH public health and medicine to identify substances associated with health issues

34
Q

Environmental health sciences……

A

prevent spread of disease through air, water, food

35
Q

What are some challenges associated with environmental health sciences?

A

new chemicals every year
UV rays
depletion of ozone

36
Q

Social and behavioral sciences……

A

people dying because of their own behavior -why do they do this?

37
Q

With such an extensive outbreak in medical treatments, what has happened to public health??

A

Medical care is so expensive that it’s eating up all the funds for public health programs

38
Q

What does HEALTH SCIENCE RESEARCH study?

A

The effectiveness of the medical care system

39
Q

Public health’s approach to health problems is a FIVE STEP PROCESS

A
  1. DEFINE HEALTH PROBLEM
  2. IDENTIFY RISK FACTORS
  3. DEVELOP AND TEST COMMUNITY LEVEL INTERVENTIONS TO CONTROL/PREVENT THE CAUSE
  4. IMPLEMENT INTERVENTIONS TO IMPROVE HEALTH OF POPULATION
  5. MONITOR INTERVENTIONS TO ASSESS EFFECTIVENESS
40
Q

Medical care has shifted to _______focus. Examples?

A

preventative
Vaccines
Annual checkups
colonoscopy
pap smears

41
Q

List the 3 levels of prevention

A

primary
secondary
tertiary

42
Q

Primary prevention:

A

seeks to avoid the occurrence of an illness or injury by preventing exposure to risk factors

43
Q

Secondary prevention:

A

seeks to minimize the SEVERITY once the event has occurred

44
Q

Tertiary prevention:

A

sees to minimize DISABILITY by providing medical care and rehab

45
Q

List the primary secondary and tertiary preventions in response to smoking

A

primary - discourage smoking and encourage people to quir

secondary - detect cancer early while still treatable

tertiary - rehab of cancer patients

46
Q

Chain of causation involves…..

A

1.Agent
2.Host
3.Environment

47
Q

Agent—

A

disease causing bacteria/virus

48
Q

Host—

A

A susceptible human being

49
Q

Environment—

A

means of transmission by which the agent reaches the host

50
Q

The goal is to ____the chain of causation

A

BREAK

51
Q

Ways to break the chain:
Agent-
Host-
Environment-

A

Agent-vaccine
Host-Antibiotic
Environment-sanitation

52
Q

Suicide:
Agent-
Host-
Environment-

A

Agent-gun
Host-person
Environment-the person’s social environment

Public Health Exam 1 (7 decks)

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