Lecture 3: nutrition Flashcards
After proteins are broken down to amino acids, what are they used for?
used for biosynthesis
Why do we need to eat food?
Required to maintain favourable internal conditions.
list the internal conditions?
Growth, physiological processes, reproductive, regulation, maintenance and repair
Why do we need energy for?
Chemical reactions, vitamins, building blocks for biomolecules.
Cellular respiration is the oxidation of…
the step-by-step oxidation of carbs, fats and proteins
What is metabolic rate?
It is an amount of energy an animal uses in a unit of time.
What are calories?
How much energy you can get based on the food, the carbs and proteins
What is basic metabolic rate (BMR)?
metabolic rate of a non-growing endotherm at rest, on an empty stomach and in the absence of stress.
simplified: the minimum energy required for you to stay alive with nothing in your system and no stress.
What increases the metabolic rate?
any activity that is not a basic physiological processes.
Name all factors that can affect the metabolic rate. (10)
- physical activity
- stress
- Age
- Sleep
- Biological sex
- Genetics
- Body Mass
- Environmental temperature
- Hormones
- Muscle Mass
true or false: the more muscles you have, the higher the metabolic rate
True
What happens when we take in more calories than are required to meet our metabolic rate?
The energy is stored
excess fuel is stored in the body for short term and long term. Name how they are stored.
short term: glycogen in liver and mucles
long term: Fat in adipose tissue
glucose wil be converted into fat if glycogen stores are full.
Which energy storage is used to maintain blood sugar levels?
liver glycogen
Which energy storage is used to provide muscles with energy during exercises?
muscle glycogen
When is fat used?
When glycogen stores have been depleted(used up).
What is the best thing that works for weight loss? why?
Calories deficits since it will use fat as fuel
what are essential nutrients?
nutrients that can’t be synthesized in the body and must come from food
Name the essential nutrients.
1- essential amino acids
2- vitamins
3-minerals
4-essential fatty acids
True or false: we eat vegetables for energy
False, for their vitamins and minerals.
What is undernourishment?
the diet does not have enough calories
Explain the stages during undernourishment.
First, glycogen is used- fat is used- then proteins are used for fuel- muscles decrease in size- brain will become protein-deficient- death
What is overnourishment?
excessive calorie intake
What is malnourishment?
When one or more essential nutrients are missing.
