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MS100 > Lecture 3 muscles and directional terminology > Flashcards

Lecture 3 muscles and directional terminology Flashcards

1
Q

Myofibril

A

the smallest unit of muscle

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2
Q

muscle fibre myofibre

A

a group of myofibrils incased in a fascial sleeve

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3
Q

fascicle

A

a group of muscle fibres encased in a fascial sleeve

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4
Q

skeletal muscle

A

a group of fascicles incased in a fascial sleeve

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5
Q

fascia

A

fibrous membrane covering supporting and seperating muscle

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6
Q

aponeurosis

A

sheet like tendon joining one muscle with another or muscle with bone

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7
Q

tendon

A

white fibrous cord of dense regular connective tissue which attaches muscle to bone

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8
Q

3 types of muscle

A

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

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9
Q

skeletal muscle description

A

striated, alternating light and dark bands, voluntary, fibre direction run parallel to direction of muscle pull

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10
Q

cardiac muscle description

A

striated, involuntary, has intercalated discs at cell bifurcations

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11
Q

smooth muscle description

A

non striated, involuntary, present in gastrointestinal tract, blood vessels, airways, hair follicles

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12
Q

5 functions of muscles

A

motion, maintain posture, venous flow, thermogenesis, register volume of internal organs

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13
Q

6 fibre arrangements

A

longitudinal, quadrate, triangular, circular, fusiform, penniform

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14
Q

longitudinal description

A

long strap like fibres run parallel to the longitudinal axis

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15
Q

longitudinal examples

A

sartorius, rectus abdominus

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16
Q

Quadrate description

A

flat, fan-shaped muscle fibres that run parallel to line of pull

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16
Q

quadrate examples

A

pronator, quadratus, rhomboids

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17
Q

triangular description

A

flat, fan- shaped muscle with fibres that radiate from a narrow attachment to a broad attachment

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18
Q

triangular examples

A

pectoralis major

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19
Q

circular description

A

circular, typically sphincter muscles that surround an opening

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20
Q

circular example

A

orbicularis oris

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21
Q

fusiform description

A

round, spindle- shaped, tapered at both ends

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22
Q

fusiform examples

A

brachialis, brachioradialis

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23
Q

3 types of penniform

A

unipenniform, bipenniform, multipenniform

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24
Q

unipenniform description

A

short parallel fibres originating from one side of tendon

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25
Q

unipenniform examples

A

extensor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior

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26
Q

bipenniform description

A

double pennate fibres on both sides of a central tendon

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27
Q

bipenniform examples

A

rectus femoris, flexor hallicus longus

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28
Q

multipenniform description

A

several tendons with muscle fibres running diagonally between

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29
Q

multipenniform example

A

deltoid

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30
Q

origin definition

A

proximal attachment or stationary bone

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31
Q

insertion

A

distal attachment or moving bone

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32
Q

prime mover

A

muscle directly responsible for producing desired motion

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33
Q

synergist

A

muscle that assists the prime mover

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33
Q

antagonist

A

muscle that has an action opposite of the prime mover

34
Q

7 factors of naming muscles

A

direction, size, shape, action, location, number of orgins, orgin and insertion

35
Q

anterior/ventral

36
Q

posterior, dorsal

37
Q

proximal

A

closer to trunk

38
Q

distal

A

further away from trunk

39
Q

medial

A

closer to middle

40
Q

lateral

A

further away from middle

41
Q

inferior caudal

A

toward feet

42
Q

superior/ rostral/ cephalad

A

toward the head

43
Q

external

A

toward outside or away from middle

44
Q

internal

A

toward inside or middle

45
Q

ipsilateral

A

to same side

46
Q

contralateral

A

to opposite side

47
Q

unilateral

A

one side only

48
Q

bilateral

A

both sides

49
Q

frontal/ coronal plane

A

vertical anterior and posterior halves

50
Q

sagittal

A

vertical left and right halves

51
Q

transverse

A

horizontal top and bottom

52
Q

flexion

A

decrease angle between bones

53
Q

extension

A

increase angle between bones

54
Q

abduction

A

movement away from midline

55
Q

adduction

A

movement toward midline

56
Q

medial (internal) rotation

A

anterior surface of bone toward midline

57
Q

lateral (external rotation)

A

posterior surface of bone toward midline

58
Q

circumduction

A

combination of motions so the end of the bone moves in a circle

59
Q

(jaw) elevation

A

closing mouth

60
Q

(jaw) depression

A

opening mouth

61
Q

(jaw) protrusion/protraction

62
Q

(jaw) retrusion/ retraction

63
Q

(scapula) protraction

A

away from midline around ribs (rolled shoulders)

64
Q

(scapula) rectraction

A

toward midline

65
Q

(scapula) superior rotation

A

glenoid fossa faces superiorly

66
Q

(scapula) inferior rotation

A

glenoid fossa faces inferiorly

67
Q

(scapula) medial rotation

A

medial border lifts from thorax

68
Q

(scapula) upward tip

A

inferior pole lifts from thorax

69
Q

(shoulder) elevation

A

humeral head moves superior

70
Q

(shoulder) depression

A

humeral head moves inferior

71
Q

(elbow and wrist) pronation

A

palm down/ posteriorsu

72
Q

(elbow and wrist) supination

A

palm up/ anterior

73
Q

(elbow and wrist) radial deviation

A

hand and wrist toward radial side

74
Q

(elbow and wrist) ulnar deviation

A

hand hand wrist toward ulnar side

75
Q

(foot and ankle) plantarflexion

A

sole of foot downward

76
Q

(foot and ankle) dorsiflexion

A

top of foot toward shin

77
Q

(foot and ankle) inversion

A

sole of foot inward

78
Q

(foot and ankle) eversion

A

sole of foot outward

79
Q

(spine) right lateral flexion

A

movement in the frontal plane around an anterior posterior axis

80
Q

(spine) left lateral flexion

A

movement in the frontal plane around an anterior posterior axis

81
Q

(spine) flexion

A

bending anteriorly in the sagittal plane around the medial/ lateral axis

82
Q

(spine) extension

A

bending anteriorly in the sagittal plane around the medial/ lateral axis

83
Q

(spine) right rotation

A

twisting around the vertical axis so that the anterior surface of the spine faces right

84
Q

(spine) left rotation

A

twisting around the vertical axis so that the anterior surface of the spine faces left

MS100 (23 decks)

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