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MS100 > lecture 12 muscular and articular systems > Flashcards

lecture 12 muscular and articular systems Flashcards

1
Q

Closed Kinetic Chain Occurs when the body moves over a _____

A

fixed distal segment

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2
Q

Open Kinetic Chain Occurs when the distal segment _____

A

moves in space

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3
Q

Open Kinetic Chain Motion at adjacent joints often ____

A

unpredictable

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4
Q

Advantages of Closed Kinetic Chain Tend to generate ____ _____forces through joints

A

stabilizing, compressive

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5
Q

Advantages of Closed Kinetic Chain Weight bearing positions stimulate _______

A

mechanoreceptors

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6
Q

Closed Kinetic Chain Mechanoreceptors activate _____ muscles promoting stabilization

A

synergistic

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7
Q

Closed Kinetic Chain enhance _____ thus enhancing neuromuscular control

A

proprioceptive feedback

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8
Q

Disadvantages of Closed Kinetic Chain Decreased ability to _____

A

isolate a single muscle group

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9
Q

Disadvantages of Closed Kinetic Chain Allows _____ of distal joints which is often key in athletic performance

A

minimal acceleration

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10
Q

Advantages of Open Kinetic Chain Muscle activity occurs predominately in prime mover thus easier to isolate _____

A

single muscle group

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11
Q

Advantages of Open Kinetic Chain Allows for free movement and ______

A

rapid acceleration of distal segment

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12
Q

Disadvantages of Open Kinetic Chain May introduce______ ______ across joints

A

shearing forces

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13
Q

Disadvantages of Open Kinetic Chain Less co-activation of agonistic _____ and _____

A

synergists and antagonists

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14
Q

Arthrokinematic Movements Small, involuntary movements between the _____

A

articulating joint surfaces

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15
Q

Arthrokinematic three Movements

A

roll, slide, spin

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16
Q

Arthrokinematic Movements all three movements happen during

A

knee extension

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17
Q

If convex surface moves over stationary concave surface, slide occurs in ____ as movement of bony lever

A

opposite direction

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18
Q

If concave surface moves over stationary convex surface, slide occurs in ____ as movement of bony lever

A

same direction

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19
Q

Conjunct Rotation This rotation (spin) tends to occur as bone moves near it’s _____

A

end ROM

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20
Q

Conjunct Rotation Involuntary arthrokinematic movement that occurs with another main movement at a joint

A
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21
Q

Closed Packed Joint Position Joint surfaces are _______

A

maximally congruent

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22
Q

Closed Packed Joint Position This is the position for ______

A

greatest stability of the joint

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23
Q

Open Packed Joint Position Joint surfaces are relatively_______ in relation to one another

A

free to move

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24
Q

Joint Play Refers to small amount of motion available within the joint which is not under ____

A

voluntary control

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25
Q

______ Used as an assessment technique to establish the integrity of joint capsule

A

joint play

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26
Q

If surrounding capsule and ligaments are too lax, joint may become _____

A

unstable

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27
Q

Slow Oxidative muscles Slow rate contraction but not ____

A

easily fatigued

28
Q

Slow Oxidative Rich in _____, perform aerobic cellular respiration

A

mitochondria

29
Q

Slow Oxidative Found abundantly in muscles ____(tonic)

A

postural

30
Q

Fast Glycolytic _____ contraction but fatigue easily

A

Rapid rate

31
Q

Fast Glycolytic Perform ____ cellular respiration; Glycolysis

A

anaerobic

32
Q

Fast Glycolytic Found in higher concentrations in muscles used to achieve____ or generate great force

A

large ROM

33
Q

muscle shortening so Z-lines approximate

A

Concentric-

34
Q

muscle lengthening so Z-lines separate

A

Eccentric-

35
Q

muscle generates equal force while length changes

A

Isotonic-

36
Q

muscle generates force without lengthening or shortening

A

Isometric-

37
Q

____occurs in a muscle that crosses two joints when one end contracts eccentrically while other performs concentric contraction

A

Pseudo-Isometric-

38
Q

______Angular velocity produced by muscle remains same through contraction has to be produced by a machine

A

Isokinetic

39
Q

____ does not aggravate sensitive joint surfaces

A

isometric

40
Q

______ not efficient in terms of strength or endurance building

A

isometric

41
Q

best strength and endurance enhancements

A

concentric/ eccentric

42
Q

highest likelihood of injury

A

concentric/ eccentric

43
Q

safest form of exercise

A

isokinetic

44
Q

costly and not functional

A

isokinetic

45
Q

______muscle responsible for producing the desired motion; may be more than one for a given movement

A

Agonist

46
Q

____muscle having an action directly opposite the desired motion initially relaxes to accommodate motion (reciprocal inhibition) then acts as a “brake” to control the completion of the movement

A

Antagonist-

47
Q

______ A muscle that contracts at the same time as the agonist

A

Synergists

48
Q

A synergist which assists the prime mover when great force is required

A

Assistant Mover

49
Q

______Partially antagonistic muscles that control extraneous actions of the agonist

A

Neutralizer

50
Q

______Support a joint so that another muscle may act effectively at neighbouring joint

A

Stabilizers

51
Q

pronator teres controls supination action of biceps during resisted elbow flexion in neutral position

A

neutralizer

52
Q

brachioradialis assists brachialis with unresisted elbow flexion

A

Assistant Mover

53
Q

rhomboid stabilize the scapula to optimize GH movements

A

stabilizer

54
Q

____Origin is far from the joint so there is a greater rotary (vertical) component to the muscle force vector ex. biceps, brachialis, etc.

A

spurt muscles

55
Q

______Origin is close to the joint so there is a greater stabilizing (horizontal) component to the muscle force vector ex. brachioradialis, ECRB, etc.

A

shunt

56
Q

_____Amount of force a muscle can generate

A

Tension:

57
Q

In______ muscles crossing multiple joints (generally)

A

active insufficiency

58
Q

______ Occurs when sarcomeres are maximally overlapped so no further force can be produced

A

Active Insufficiency:

59
Q

Passive Insufficiency Occurs in ____ muscles

A

inactive

60
Q

________ Stretch in muscle and tendon is large enough to limit full ROM

A

Passive Insufficiency:

61
Q

Velocity of contraction is maximal when _____

A

resisting force is zero

62
Q

Force is maximal when velocity is ____ ie. isometric contraction

A

zero

63
Q

Concentric Contraction:

As velocity increases, force _____

A

decreases

64
Q

Eccentric Contraction:

As velocity increases, force _____

A

increases

65
Q
A

MS100 (23 decks)

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