Lecture 3 - Motivation - Content Theories Flashcards
define motivation
the degree to which an individual wants and chooses to engage in certain specific behaviours
P = A + E + M
performance = ability + environment + motivation
What are the. 5 stages of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
- Physiological
- Safety
- Love
- Esteem
- Self Actualisation
Physiological
Money + overall work conditions
Safety
Health and safety, pensions
Love
Formation of cohesive work teams
Esteem
Responsibility and recognition - respect
Self Actualisation
Creative and challenging job tasks
Criticisms of Maslow’s Hierarchy
- self esteem may be more important to some people than love
- for some people, the desire for creativity and self act. may arise even if basic needs are unsatisfied
- very biased towards western culture
ERG model
- Alderfer (1969)
- Existence (physio. and safety)
- Relatedness (safety, social and esteem)
- Growth (self esteem and self act.)
4 main arousal based motives in McLellands Achievement Motivation Theory
- The achievement motive (N.Ach)
- The power motive (N.Pow)
- The affiliative motive (N.aff)
- The avoidance motive
Characteristics of people with high N.Ach
- They prefer moderate task difficulty
- They prefer personal responsibility for performance
- They desire clear and unambiguous feedback
- They are more innovative
what did Hansemark (2003) claim?
people with high N.Ach are more likely to start their own business
McLellands practical application of his work
- Two year period trained business people in India to talk and act like high achievers
- they met successful entrepreneurs and set personal goals
- over two years these people engaged in activities that created twice as many jobs as those who didn’t take part
Herzbergs Two Factor Model had which two factors
- Job Dissatisfaction influenced by hygiene factors
- Job Satisfaction influenced by motivator factors
