[lecture 3] Molecules of Life (fats, vitamins, minerals)

Question 1

two ends of fatty acids

Answer 1

alpha end and omega end

Question 2

saturated fats

Answer 2

C-C

Question 3

unsaturated fats

Answer 3

C double bond C

Question 4

trans fats

Answer 4

common in processed foods, dont have kinks

Question 5

cis fats

Answer 5

have kinks

Question 6

essential fats

Answer 6

not produced by body

Question 7

non essential fats

Answer 7

produced by body

Question 8

what are liposomes

Answer 8

• lipid bilayer
• hollow from the inside

Question 9

what are micelles

Answer 9

single layer of phospholipids

Question 10

what is cholesterol

Answer 10

• sterol (steroid alcohol)
• synthesized in liver
• acquired from food
• regulates membrane fluidity

Question 11

examples of sterols

Answer 11

sex hormones are sterols.
1. testosterone
2. estrogen

Question 12

what is cell membrane’s other name

Answer 12

lipid-protein composite

Question 13

mass of carbohydrates and proteins and fats needed

Answer 13

10 grams

Question 14

wht type of molecule is vitamins

Answer 14

organic molecules

Question 15

wht type of molecule is minerals

Answer 15

inorganic molecules

Question 16

water soluble vs fat soluble vitamins

Answer 16

water soluble: B1, B2, C
fat soluble: A, D, E, K

Question 17

essential vitamins

Answer 17

A B C D E K

Question 18

vitamin A: function + deficiency

Answer 18

function: vision
deficiency: night blindness, cornea clouding

Question 19

vitamin B: function + deficiency

Answer 19

function: coenzymes for biochemical pathways
deficiency: pellagra, lesions, anaemia

Question 20

vitamin C: function + deficiency

Answer 20

function: promotes collagen synthesis, antioxidant
deficiency: scurvy, anaemia, joint pain

Question 21

vitamin D: function + deficiency

Answer 21

function: regulates calcium absorption
deficiency: rickets, loss of muscle tissue

Question 22

vitamin E: function + deficiency

Answer 22

function: reducing agent (scavenges free radicals in the body)
deficiency: fragile capillaries and haemolysis of RBCs

Question 23

vitamin K: function + deficiency

Answer 23

function: blood coagulation (liquid to semi solid or solid state)
deficiency: delayed blood clotting

Question 24

what is another way vit D can be obtained

Answer 24

made by skin by breakdown of dehydrocholesterol