Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > [lecture 1] Molecules of life (carbohydrates) > Flashcards

[lecture 1] Molecules of life (carbohydrates) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

important elements in living things

A

N, C, H, O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what elements is in all organic compounds

A

carbon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

polymers subunit

A

monomer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

sugars (polysaccharides) subunit

A

starches, cellulose, carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

nucleic acid subunit

A

nucleotide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

protein subunit

A

amino acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

glucose formula

A

C6H12O6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

photosynthesis equation

A

C2O + H2O = C6H12O6 + O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

monosaccharides examples

A

glucose, fructose, galactose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

disaccharides examples

A

sucrose, maltose, lactose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

polysaccharides examples

A

cellulose, starch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how is a glycosidic bond formed?

A

formed by a condensation reaction, releases water, anabolic because it requires energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how do you break a glycosidic bond?

A

hydrolysis, consumes water, catabolic reaction (releases energy) [in digestion, enzymes catalyze the reaction]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

lactose breaks down to?

A

glucose and galactose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

maltose breaks down to?

A

glucose and glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

sucrose breaks down to?

A

fructose and glucose

17
Q

branched starch

A

amylopectin (quick to break down)

18
Q

unbranched starch

A

amylose (slow to break down)

19
Q

plants store carbohydrates as?

A

starch

20
Q

anabolic reactions features

A

requires energy

21
Q

catabolic reactions features

A

releases energy

22
Q

animals store carbohydrates as what and where?

A

glycogen and in the liver

23
Q

carbohydrate functions

A
  1. energy store
  2. structural roles
  3. used to manufacture other molecules
24
Q

how does insulin work?

A
  1. blood glucose concentration increases
  2. beta cells in pancreas detect glucose concentration
  3. insulin released into blood
  4. this alters membrane of liver, muscle and fat cells to allow glucose to enter
  5. blood glucose concentration decreases

glucose —–> (glycogenesis) ——> glycogen
glucose ——> (lipogenesis) ——>triglycerides

insulin inhibits glucose production

25
Q

how does glucagon work?

A
  1. blood glucose concentration decreases
  2. alpha cells in pancreas detect low insulin levels
  3. glucagon released into blood
  4. binds to glucagon receptors on liver cell membranes
    glycogen —–> (gluconeogenesis) ——> glucose
    [hydrolysis reaction]
  5. blood glucose concentration increases

insulin inhibits glucose production

26
Q

describe type 1 diabetes

A
  1. no insulin produced
  2. less common
  3. usually due to genetics
  4. can be treated by insulin injections
27
Q

describe type 2 diabetes

A
  1. Insulin is not detected (insulin resistance)
  2. More common
  3. Usually due to lifestyle and age
  4. Not treated with insulin injections

Biology (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions