Lecture 3 - LL Anatomy Flashcards
Name the weight bearing joints of the lower limb
Second sacral vertebrae Hip joint (sacrum) Knee joint Ankle (talocrural joint)
What’s the difference in characteristics of the UL AND LL
Upper limb bones more about mobility
Lower limb is less flexibility and mobility in order to maintain stability
What ligaments of the sacrum prevent the upward tilt?
Scarospinous ligament
Sacrotuberous ligament
Name the bone regions of the bony pelvis
Sacrum
Coccyx
Hipbone (ilum, ischium, pubis)
Name the bone regions of the hip bone
Iliac crest Iliac spines (ASIS, AIIS,PSIS, PIIS) Ischial tuberosity Ischial spine Ischial ramus Greater and lesser sciatic notch Body of pubis Pubic crest and tubercle Ischiopubic ramus Symphyseal surface of pubis Obturator Foramen Acetebulum
Name the bone regions of the femur
Head
Neck
Greater and lesser trochanter
Identify the ligaments of the pelvis and their function
Severely limit how much the sacrum rotates anteriorly on the ilium
Sacrotuberous ligament
Sacrospinous ligament
Iliolumabr ligament
Identify the ligaments of the hip joint
They limit hip extension
Iliofemoral ligament
Pubofemoral lig
Ischiofemoral lig
What bones comprise of the knee joint?
Proximal femur, Patella and proximal tibia
Indemnify the bone regions of the femur
Medial and lateral epicondyles Medial and lateral femoral condyle Adductor tubercle Intercondylar notch Head Neck Greater and lesser trochanter
Identify the bone regions of the patella
Base
Apex
Articular surface
Identify the bone regions of the tibia
Medial and lateral tibial condyle Intercondykar eminence Tibial tuberosity Facet of head of fibula Shaft medial, and posterior and anterior mallelous Articular surface
Identify the ligaments, tendons, and meniscus of the knee joint complex
Medial and lateral mensici Medial tibial collateral Lateral fibula collateral Anterior cruciate (ACL) Posterior cruciate (PCL) Quadriceps tendon (above patellar) and patellar ligament (below)
What movement can be done by the knee joint
Consolidated joint (movement in 2 axis) Flexsion/extension, medial and lateral rotation
What’s the difference between the ellipsoid and condyloid joint?
Both move in two axis
Ellipsoid joint = angle of movement in axis is very similar
But condyloid = the angles of movement between the axis differ greatly
Ie. lateral/med roataion is much less than extension and flexsion of knee
Explain the movements of the hip joint and it’s function
PCL: PRVENT the anterior slide of femur ON the tibia
ACL: hyperextension. Prevents posterior slide of femur on tibia
Lateral collateral = prevents adduction
Medial collateral = prevents abduction
Name the bones involved in the function of the ankle joint
Tibia and fibula distal
Name the bones involved in the function of the sub talar joint
Tarsals (articulation between talus and calcaneous)
Indentifh the bone regions of the tarsals
Talus (ankle bone) and trochanter surface
Clacanous (heel) and tuberosity
Navicular and tuberosity
Cuboid
Cuneiform (medial, intermediate, lateral)
Identify the bone regions of the metatarsals and phalanges
Head
Shaft
Base (tuberosity)
What movements can be done by sub talar joints?
Ball socket
Inversion and eversion
What movements can be done by the ankle joint
Hinge joint (1 axis)
Dorsiflexsion and plantar flexsion
Identify the ligaments and membranes of distal leg and ankle joint
Interosseous membrane
Anterior and posterior tibiofibualr ligaments
Deltoid ligament
Lateral collateral ligaments (ant and post talofibular lig, calcaneofibualr lig)
Explain the significance of the ligaments of the ankle joint
Lateral collateral ligaments: limiting eversion
Medial collateral ligs : limit inversion
Anterior tibiofibular ligs : stabilise the ankle joint
