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BIOS1155 > Lecture 1 - Bones And Joints Of Upper Limb > Flashcards

Lecture 1 - Bones And Joints Of Upper Limb Flashcards

1
Q

Define the anatomical term ‘joint’

A

Junctional region between 2 or more bones

Classified according to what they are made of and the mobility

Ie. structure and so function

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2
Q

What are the classifications of joint types?

3

A

Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial joints

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3
Q

Define a fibrous joint

A

Joined by dense connective tissue

Slightly flexible when born, but hardens as we age

Are immobile
Ie. skull

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4
Q

Define cartilaginous joint?

A

Joined by cartilage

Some mobility
Ie. midline between vertebrae and pubic symphysis

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5
Q

Define synovial joints?

A

Free movement

Most joints are synovial

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6
Q

What are the 3 distinguishing features of synovial joints?

A
  1. A joint cavity
  2. Bone ends covered with articular cartilage
  3. Articulating surfaces and joint cavity enclosed by an articular capsule (lined by tissue that provides synovial fluids)
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7
Q

What movements can be done by synovial joints?

A 
Flexion/extension 
Abduction/adduction 
Medial/lateral rotation 
Elevation/depression 
Protraction/retraction 
Circumduction
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8
Q

What are the types of joints?

A 
Hinge
Pivot
Ball and socket 
Ellipsoid
Saddle
Plane
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9
Q

Explain the pivot joint?

A

Rotation at one axis which is the long axis

Pronation and supination

Ie. radius’ head rotation
Ie. distal end of radius and ulna are also pivot joints

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10
Q

Explain a ball and socket joint

A

Movement in all axis

Flexsion/extension, abduction/adduction, rotation and circumduction

Ie. pelvic joint, and shoulder joint

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11
Q

Explain the ellipsoid joint?

A

Similar to ball and socket

But oval shaped.
Can move in two axis, allowing for flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, circumduction

Ie. wrist and radiocarpal joints

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12
Q

Exaplain a saddle joint?

A

Similar to ellipsoid but rotation is very limited due to the structure

Flexsion/extension, ab/add, circumduction and slight rotation

Ie. carpometacarpal joint of 1st digit

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13
Q

Explain the plane joint?

A

Flattish surface on top of each other that are able to glide

Usually come in groups

Ie. acromioclavicular joint

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14
Q

Name the joints of the shoulder girdle

A

Sternoclavicular joint
Acromioclavicular joint
Glenohumeral joint

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15
Q

Name the major ligaments of shoulder girdle?

A

Costoclavicular ligament

Coracoclavicular ligament

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16
Q

Name the major ligaments of the shoulder joint

A

Glenohumeral ligament
Coracoacromial ligament
Coracohumeral ligament

17
Q

Name the ligaments stabilising the shoulder joint

A 
Acromioclavicular ligament 
Coracoclavicular ligament 
Coracoacromial ligament 
Coracohumeral ligament 
Glenohumeral ligament
18
Q

Name the bones involved with the shoulder girdle

A

Clavicle
Scapula
Proximal humerus

19
Q

Name the bone regions of the clavicle

A

Sternal end

Acromial end

20
Q

Name the bone regions of the scapula

A 
Medial, lateral, superior borders
Superior and inferior angles 
Glenoid fossa 
Corocaoid peocess 
Acromion process 
Spine
Supraspinous, infraspinous, subscapular fossa
21
Q

Name the bone regions of the humerus

A 
Head 
Anatomical neck 
Greater tubercle 
Lesser tubercle 
Intertubercullar groove
Deltoid tuberosity 
Medial and lateral epicondyle 
Capitulum (lateral side) 
Trochlea 
Olecranon fossa 
Radial fossa 
coronoid fossa
22
Q

Name the bones involves in the elbow joint complex

A

Distal humerus
Proximal radius
Proximal ulna

23
Q

Name the bone regions of the radius

A 
Head 
Neck 
radial tuberosity 
Shaft 
Articular surfaces for ulna and proximal carpal rows 
Styloid process
24
Q

Name the bone regions of ulna

A 
Olecranon process 
Coronoid process 
Trochlear notch 
Ulnar tuberosity 
Radial notch

Head
Articular surfaces for radius and articular disc
Styloid process

25
Q

Name the bones involved in the wrist joint complex

A 
Radius (distal end)
Ulna (distal end) 
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
26
Q

Wrist joint complex is composed of how many joints?

A

2, radiocarpal and midcarpal joints

27
Q

Name the ligaments of the distal arm and wrist joint complex

A 
Distal radioulnar ligaments 
Radial/lateral collateral ligaments 
Palmer/anterior radiocarpal ligament 
Dorsal/posterior radiocarpal ligament 
Ulnar/medial collateral ligament
28
Q

Name the membranes and cartilage of distal arm and wrist joint complex

A 
Interosseous membrane 
Triangular fibrocartilage (articular disc)
29
Q

Name the bones of the carpals

A 
Scaphoid 
Lunate 
Triquetral 
Pisiform 
Trapezium 
Trapezoid 
Capitate 
Hanate
30
Q

Name the bones of metacarpals and phalanges

A

Head
Shaft
Base

THUMB = 1st digit

31
Q

What are the joints of the metacarpals and phalanges

A

1st carpophalangeal joint
Metacarpophalangeal joint
Interphalangeal joints

BIOS1155 (19 decks)

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