Lecture 1 - Bones And Joints Of Upper Limb Flashcards
Define the anatomical term ‘joint’
Junctional region between 2 or more bones
Classified according to what they are made of and the mobility
Ie. structure and so function
What are the classifications of joint types?
3
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial joints
Define a fibrous joint
Joined by dense connective tissue
Slightly flexible when born, but hardens as we age
Are immobile
Ie. skull
Define cartilaginous joint?
Joined by cartilage
Some mobility
Ie. midline between vertebrae and pubic symphysis
Define synovial joints?
Free movement
Most joints are synovial
What are the 3 distinguishing features of synovial joints?
- A joint cavity
- Bone ends covered with articular cartilage
- Articulating surfaces and joint cavity enclosed by an articular capsule (lined by tissue that provides synovial fluids)
What movements can be done by synovial joints?
Flexion/extension Abduction/adduction Medial/lateral rotation Elevation/depression Protraction/retraction Circumduction
What are the types of joints?
Hinge Pivot Ball and socket Ellipsoid Saddle Plane
Explain the pivot joint?
Rotation at one axis which is the long axis
Pronation and supination
Ie. radius’ head rotation
Ie. distal end of radius and ulna are also pivot joints
Explain a ball and socket joint
Movement in all axis
Flexsion/extension, abduction/adduction, rotation and circumduction
Ie. pelvic joint, and shoulder joint
Explain the ellipsoid joint?
Similar to ball and socket
But oval shaped.
Can move in two axis, allowing for flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, circumduction
Ie. wrist and radiocarpal joints
Exaplain a saddle joint?
Similar to ellipsoid but rotation is very limited due to the structure
Flexsion/extension, ab/add, circumduction and slight rotation
Ie. carpometacarpal joint of 1st digit
Explain the plane joint?
Flattish surface on top of each other that are able to glide
Usually come in groups
Ie. acromioclavicular joint
Name the joints of the shoulder girdle
Sternoclavicular joint
Acromioclavicular joint
Glenohumeral joint
Name the major ligaments of shoulder girdle?
Costoclavicular ligament
Coracoclavicular ligament
Name the major ligaments of the shoulder joint
Glenohumeral ligament
Coracoacromial ligament
Coracohumeral ligament
Name the ligaments stabilising the shoulder joint
Acromioclavicular ligament Coracoclavicular ligament Coracoacromial ligament Coracohumeral ligament Glenohumeral ligament
Name the bones involved with the shoulder girdle
Clavicle
Scapula
Proximal humerus
Name the bone regions of the clavicle
Sternal end
Acromial end
Name the bone regions of the scapula
Medial, lateral, superior borders Superior and inferior angles Glenoid fossa Corocaoid peocess Acromion process Spine Supraspinous, infraspinous, subscapular fossa
Name the bone regions of the humerus
Head Anatomical neck Greater tubercle Lesser tubercle Intertubercullar groove Deltoid tuberosity Medial and lateral epicondyle Capitulum (lateral side) Trochlea Olecranon fossa Radial fossa coronoid fossa
Name the bones involves in the elbow joint complex
Distal humerus
Proximal radius
Proximal ulna
Name the bone regions of the radius
Head Neck radial tuberosity Shaft Articular surfaces for ulna and proximal carpal rows Styloid process
Name the bone regions of ulna
Olecranon process Coronoid process Trochlear notch Ulnar tuberosity Radial notch
Head
Articular surfaces for radius and articular disc
Styloid process
Name the bones involved in the wrist joint complex
Radius (distal end) Ulna (distal end) Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges
Wrist joint complex is composed of how many joints?
2, radiocarpal and midcarpal joints
Name the ligaments of the distal arm and wrist joint complex
Distal radioulnar ligaments Radial/lateral collateral ligaments Palmer/anterior radiocarpal ligament Dorsal/posterior radiocarpal ligament Ulnar/medial collateral ligament
Name the membranes and cartilage of distal arm and wrist joint complex
Interosseous membrane Triangular fibrocartilage (articular disc)
Name the bones of the carpals
Scaphoid Lunate Triquetral Pisiform Trapezium Trapezoid Capitate Hanate
Name the bones of metacarpals and phalanges
Head
Shaft
Base
THUMB = 1st digit
What are the joints of the metacarpals and phalanges
1st carpophalangeal joint
Metacarpophalangeal joint
Interphalangeal joints
