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Microbiology > Lecture #3 - Exam 1 > Flashcards

Lecture #3 - Exam 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

2 types if eukaryotic celss

A

plant & animals

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2
Q

The cytoskeleton provides

A

structural support and aids in cell movement.

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3
Q

The cell membrane regulates

A

substance passage.

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4
Q

Vacuoles store

A

food, waste, and other substances.

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5
Q

Mitochondria are responsible for

A

ATP production.

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6
Q

Lysosomes contain ________ for _________

A

Lysosomes contain enzymes for waste digestion.

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7
Q

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is involved in ___, _______,and _______ synthesis.

A

lipid, carbohydrate, and protein synthesis.

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8
Q

Golgi apparatus ____________ cellular products.

A

processes and sorts

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9
Q

Lysosomes are responsible for

A

degrading old and damaged organelles.

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10
Q

The endomembrane system comprises various organelles, excluding ________

A

the nucleus.

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11
Q

Chloroplasts are the primary sites of ______ synthesis.

A

ATP

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12
Q

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum specializes in _____ and __________

A

lipid synthesis and detoxification.

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13
Q

2 types of movemenet of large molecules across the membrane

A

exocystisis, endocytosis

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14
Q

2 types of endocytosis

A

phagocytosis (engulfs big molecules)

pinocytosis (dissolves molecules to take in)

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15
Q

4 types of vesicles

A

vesicles
peroxisomes
lysosome
vacuoles

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16
Q

peroxisomes …

A

detoxify and breakdown harmful bacyeria

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17
Q

The rough endoplasmic reticulum contains _______ for ________ synthesis.

A

ribosomes for protein synthesis.

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18
Q

The cell’s structural framework is determined by the ________

A

cytoskeleton.

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19
Q

Mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from __________ via _________.

A

free-living bacterial cells via endosymbiosis.

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20
Q

The cell membrane acts as a ______-

A

selective barrier.

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21
Q

shared components of eukaryotics cells (4)

A
  1. cytoskleton
  2. nucleus
  3. golgi apparatus
  4. endoplasmic reticulum
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22
Q

unique componets of a plant cell(3)

A

cell wall
plasmodemata
chloroplasts

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23
Q

unique comppnent of an animal cell

A

cilia

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24
Q

GM crops are thoroughly evaluated by ______

A

multiple agencies (Biosecurity and surveillance) before consumption.

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25
Q

Photosynthesis mechanisms vary during

A

hot and dry seasons.

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26
Q

Some plants can communicate and warn

A

nearby plants about potential attacks.

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27
Q

Sunlight plays a significant role in

A

human biology.

28
Q

A portion of radiant energy from the sun is incorporated into ___________ during photosynthesis. Hwat %

A

organic compounds (less than 1%)

29
Q

The primary purpose of the Calvin cycle is to

A

create glucose.

30
Q

C4 photosynthesis is an adaptation to

A

hot, dry conditions.

31
Q

organelle for photosynthesisi

A

choloroplasts

32
Q

Photosynthesis process

A

1) chlorophyl captures light & splits H20 into O2 and H —> forms NADPH and ATP.
2) calvin cycle- turns ATP + CO2 into glucose& oxygen

33
Q

the pigment that absorbs light

A

chlorophyll

34
Q

The main products of photosynthesis include _______ and ________.

A

glucose and oxygen.

35
Q

C3 plants collect CO2 BY

A

closing toma & decrease sugar productin

36
Q

C4 plants collect CO2 BY

A

close stoma & use Co2 tank

37
Q

CAM plant scollect CO2 by

A

getting CO2 at night

38
Q

Glycolysis occurs in the _______ and yields ______ ATP from one glucose.

A

cytoplasm; two

39
Q

The Krebs Cycle’s primary purpose is to produce ____and _______

A

NADH and FADH2.

40
Q

The Electron Transport Chain (ETC) in cellular respiration primarily regenerates _______ and _______

A

NADH and FADH2.

41
Q

The majority of ATP is generated during the _________

A

Electron Transport Chain.

42
Q

Glycolysis takes place in the _______ , while the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain occur in the __________.

A

cytoplasm; mitochondria

43
Q

FADH2 is produced during the _________

A

Krebs cycle.

44
Q

During aerobic cellular respiration, we inhale oxygen to supply ________ and exhale CO2 produced by cellular respiration.

A

the mitochondria

45
Q

Acetyl-CoA enters the _____________

A

Krebs cycle.

46
Q

Fermentation reactions do ____ ________ oxygen.

A

not produce

47
Q

In prokaryotes, electron transport chain components are located in the _________

A

cell membrane.

48
Q

The final electron acceptor in aerobic cellular respiration is __________

A

oxygen.

49
Q

Fermentation is a metabolic process that does _____ _______oxygen.

A

not require

50
Q

The correct sequence of stages in cellular respiration are

A

glycolysis, (oxidatuin), Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain.

51
Q

The raw material needed for the electron transport chain is _______

A

oxygen.

52
Q

Products of Krebs Cycle

A
  • co2
  • 2 ATP
  • 6 NADH
  • 2 FADH2
53
Q

Yeast carry out fermentation under ________ conditions.

A

anaerobic

54
Q

Metabolic pathways such as glycolysis and fermentation do not occur inside_________

A

mitochondria.

55
Q

products of glycolisis

A
  • 2 pyruvates
  • 2 ATP
  • 2 NADH
56
Q

products of oxidation

A
  • 2 NADH
  • 2 Acetyl-coa
57
Q

products of electron transport chain

A

34 ATP

58
Q

Proteins can be broken down into ________, which is used to produce energy.

A

acetyl-CoA

59
Q

total ATP of ceullular respiration

A

38

60
Q

The primary purpose of converting food into ATP in animals is to provide

A

energy for cellular processes.

61
Q

what is the goall of gycolisis

A

to break down glucose

62
Q

goal of oxidation

A

Break down Pyruvates

63
Q

goal of krebs cycle

A

break down acetyl-coa into NADH and FADH2

64
Q

goal of electron trasnsport chain

A

regenerate NADH and FADH2 into ATP

65
Q

how does the ect turn NADH & FADH2 into ATP?

A

NADH breaks into 3 H+
FADH2 breaks into 2 H+

H+ go through the ATP synthase

Microbiology (7 decks)

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