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APBI 311 > Lecture 3: Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Lecture 3: Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Overview

A
  • widely distributed in the body
  • cells are not stacked tightly, they are spaced well apart
  • supporting tissue composed of cells embedded within a matrix that varies in consistency from fluid to crystals
  • cells are responsible for synthesis and maintenance of the extracellular fluid
    examples: cartilage, bone, ligaments, blood, and adipose tissue
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2
Q

connective tissue subtypes: 3 types

A

structural, defensive, and sequestering

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3
Q

structural connective tissue

A

fibroblast, cartilage, bone

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4
Q

defensive connective tissue

A

macrophages, lymphocytes

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5
Q

sequestering connective tissue

A

adipose tissue, red blood cells

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6
Q

fibroblasts

A

most common connective tissue within vertebrate bodies
flat, irregular, branching cells
secretes structurally strong proteins into matrix between cells; most commonly COLLAGEN
-fibroblasts also secrete elastin

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7
Q

Elastin

A

fibrous tissue that is the principal component of the lungs

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8
Q

Areolar (loose) Connective Tissue (ACT)

A
  • found throughout the body wherever protective cushioning and flexibility are needed
  • ie. blood vessels are surrounded by a sheath of ACT; permits the vessels to move and yet protects them
  • also present beneath the skin, attaching it to underlying muscles
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9
Q

Dense Regular CT

A

present in tendons, connecting muscle to bone, and in ligaments, connecting bone to bone

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10
Q

Dense Irregular CT

A

present in dermis (living part) of the skin

  • arranged in thick mat
  • tanned to make leather, also present in arterial walls
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11
Q

Cartilage: 3 types

A

firmer and flexible tissue that does not stretch, yet not as hard as bone

  • laid down along lines of stress; cells=chondrocytes
  • 3 types: hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage
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12
Q

hyaline cartilage

A
  • glass-like covering of bones within joints
  • forms a smooth surface that reduces friction so one bone easily glides over another
  • found at ends of long bones
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13
Q

elastic cartilage

A

mixture of cartilage substances and elastic fibers

-found in external ear

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14
Q

fibrocartilage

A

cartilage and collagen

-interverteral discs are made of fibrocartilage

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15
Q

Bone

A

special form of cartilage where the collagen fibers are coated with a calcium phosphate salt
-bone forming cells are osteoblasts and osteoid tissue, that calcify to form bone

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16
Q

harvesian canals

A

channels surrounded by lamellae, which contain blood vessels and nerve cells

17
Q

lamellae

A

bone laid down in concentric layer

18
Q

spongy or cancellous bone

A

lines the medullary cavity

19
Q

compact bone

A

surrounds the spongy bone and collagen fibers are laid down in a pattern far denser than the interior framework

20
Q

Blood

A

connective tissue consisting of microscopically visible elements: erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets/thrombocytes, all suspended in intercellular fluid called plasma
plasma>erythrocytes>leukocytes

21
Q

plasma

A

complex fluid in which blood cells and thrombocytes circulate

  • 93% water, 7% solutes, including proteins, inorganic solutes, nonprotein oranic substances (glucose, glycerol, and fatty acids)
  • hormones, enzymes, vitamins, and pigments
  • cell waste products (urea, uric acid)
  • amino acids
22
Q

serum

A

supernatant yellow fluid that is expressed out when blood coagulates
-serum is used for prevention and treatment of diseases because it contains the antibody fraction of the blood

23
Q

Blood cell types

A

red blood cells/erythrocytes, white blood cells/leukoccytes, and platelets/thrombocytes

24
Q

RBC

A

transport gases

  • flat discs with a central depression
  • contain pigment called hemoglobin, which associates and dissociates with O2 and CO2
25
Q

WBC, 2 types

A 
granular leukocytes (granulocytes), and Agranular leukocytes (agranulocytes)
-both are the defense against invading bacteria and other foreign substances
26
Q

Granulocytes: 3 subtypes

A

neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils

27
Q

Neutrophils

A

first line of defense against bacteria

-very motile phagocytic

28
Q

eosinophil

A

detoxification of foreign proteins and substances

  • less motile phagocytic
  • found in lungs mammary glands, and small intestine
29
Q

Basophil

A
  • inflammatory response

- cytoplasmic granules contain heparin (anticoagulant) and histamine (vasodilator) outside blood

30
Q

Agranulocytes: 2 types

A

-monocytes and lymphocytes

31
Q

Monocytes

A
  • largest leukocytes

- precursor of macrophage; defend against microorganisms and chemicals

32
Q

lymphocytes

A

B-lymph=antibody-user

T-lymph=celllular immune response

33
Q

Adipose tissue aka fat

A

forms when connective tissue cells take up fat for storage as inclusions within the cytoplasm of cells
-most fat of animal body is white in color, may be yellow due to presence of carotene in feed

34
Q

brown fat

A
  • present in hibernating and young animals

- generates heat to protect young mammals and awakening hibernating mammals from extreme cold

35
Q

Smooth muscle:

A

involuntary, visceral, and unstriated

  • spindle shaped cells that contain one centrally located nucleus per cell
  • found in the walls of digestive tract, blood vessels, urinary and reporductive organs
  • contract more slowly than striated muscles and respond to a variety of stimuli
36
Q

Striated muscle

A

voluntary, skeletal

  • long fibres: striations, many peripherally located nuclei; posses cell membrane=sarcolemma
  • each striated muscle has its own nerve supply: all or none law
  • striated muscle tissue + some connective tissue makes up the flesh of meat producing animals
37
Q

Cardiac muscle

A
  • involuntary, striated
  • modified muscle cells called Purkinje’s fibres conduct impulse within the heat
  • intercalated discs increase the speed of electrical transmission between muscle fibres
38
Q

Nerve cells consist of

A

dendrites, conducting impulses towards cell body

  • nerve cell body
  • nucleus
  • axons, conducting impulses away from cell body

APBI 311 (10 decks)

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