Lecture 3 Ch 2 Flashcards
What is a case that contains the major hardware components of a computer called?
System Unit
What is explained in gigabytes per second (Gbps)
Modem’s data transfer rate is in bits per seconds
What specifies how the internal components are located in the system
Form factor
What is a printed circuit board that contains the electrical circularity for the computer
Motherboard
What is an integrated circuit chip that possesses electronic signals
Central processing unit (CPU)
What is an operation performed by the CPU and assigned a specific number
Instruction
What is the list of CPU instructions for the operations
Instruction set
What are the two main parts of CPU
Control unit and arithmetic logic unit(ALU)
What are the two kinds of machine cycles
Instruction cycle and execution cycle
What are the two parts of instruction cycle
Fetch: which retrieves program instructions and Decode: which determines what the program is telling the computer to do
What is an electronic circuit that produces rapid pulses and coordinates the computers internal activities
System clock
What is the measurement of the electrical pulses generated by the system clock, usually measured in gigahertz (GHz)
Clock speed
What enables the CPU to perform more than one instruction for each clock cycle
Superscaler architecture
What in a the CPU to process more than one instruction at a time improving performance
Pipelining
What are chips on the motherboard or within CPU that retain instructions and data
Memory
What temporarily stores data and instructions for the CPU
Random access memory (RAM)
What are two types of RAM
Dual inline memory modules (DIMM) is the most commonly used today. Single incline memory modules (SIMM) older technology
What is the amount of RAM the operating system uses well it operates
Memory footprint
What section of the hard drive is set-aside to use when RAM and gets full
Virtual memory
What is a small unit of ultrafast memory built into or near the processor
Cache memory
About CACHE memory
It’s used to store frequently or recently access program instruction or data. Faster than RAM. More expensive than RAM.
What are the three levels of CACHE on the system
Level one primary CACHE – good for school. Level two secondary CACHE – good for photography. Level III CACHE – gaming
What contains prerecorded instructions to start the computer
Read – only memory (ROM)
What is the first code run when the system is powered on
Basic input/output system (BIA OS
