Lecture 3 Flashcards
How can we conceptualise dialogue
Individualistically - but this is problematic if you think dialogue forms each of these selves. Dialogically - theory of the dialogic self
Discuss Bakhtin’s notion of voices
Thought is heteroglossic: has in it different voices; every word, every moment is multivoiced, infused with “shared thoughts, points of view, alien value judgements and accents. Voices can be unifying and/or decentring
Discuss Buber’s notion of relation
Different relational stances - stance of openness to the other versus an objectivating, spectatorial, instrumental stance; where the other is encountered in the living present versus freezing the other into a vestige from the past
Does an absence of dialogue matter
Yes. - matters to babies too because they like to be able to address people and be addressed
Why do infants bother talking to us
Invitation to join in a world we don’t yet know. Meaning in feeling a response
What can being looked at result in in 2-3 month old infants
Smiles. Distress. Indifferent avoidance. Ambivalent smiles
What do 4 month olds have a preference for
Matched mouth shape & vowel sound
What do 5 month olds have a preference for
Intensity shifts redundant across modalities - speed of mouth opening with amplitude of speech sound
Discuss dialogic phenomena in terms on 2 month old infants
Coherence, pre-speech movement & turn-taking. Structural features of conversation.
Discuss the structural features of dialogue
Repertoire of communicative acts. Self-synchrony. Interactional & affective synchrony. Turn-taking. Attentional coordination. Reference. Information content. Symbolism. Grammatical and textual competence. Socio-linguistic competence.
Discuss the contingency detection module
Preference for contingency not communication. From perfect to imperfect contingencies - shift around 3-5 months.
Discuss affective engagement
The recognition of affects and appropriate responses - Trevarthen: communication of affects - dynamic interplay of emotional attitudes. Tronick: mutual regulation model. Legerstee: recognition of affective mirroring. Field: maternal depression (infant helplessness). Malloch et al.:maternal depression (infant comprehension).
Discuss infant expressions & adult responses
Adults tend to respond to infant signals, typically within a second across cultures. But the nature of responses and addresses differs: physically versus verbally and visually responsive. Visual addresses versus addresses to the vestibular sense or sense of touch. Preference for the same level of contingent responsiveness from strangers as their mothers. Increasing difference between cultures with age in mutual gaze as a proportion of f-t-f-episodes.
Discuss secondary intersubjectivity
9-12 months: pointing - proto-declarative pointing, proto-imperative pointing, proto-informative pointing, proto-interrogative. Intentional about an external referent
Discuss the paradox of communication
Language and communication often seen as leading to the sharing of minds - making private experience public by telling, talking makes sense in our highly verbal culture. The sharing of minds necessary for language and communication to occur - need to first know what is meant by the other, and indeed that something is meant by them.
