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Bio 223 Midterm/Practical 1 > Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Functions of the integument and descriptions:

A

Protection: physical and against desiccationExcretion: ions, water, organic wasteTemp. maintenance: insulation and coolingVitamin D3 synthesis: calcium balanceLipid storageSensation: touch, pressure, pain, temperature

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2
Q

Layers of the integument:

A

Cutaneous membraneSuperficial fascia (or hypodermis or subcutaneous layer)

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3
Q

Layers of the cutaneous membrane:

A

Epidermis and dermis

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4
Q

Layers of the dermis:

A

Papillary and reticular

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5
Q

Dermal papillae connect with…

A

Epidermal ridges

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6
Q

Fingerprints are made from…

A

Epidermal ridges

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7
Q

Layers of the epidermis from top to bottom:

A

Stratum corneum (dead)Stratum lucidumStratum granulosumStratum spinosumStratum germinativum

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8
Q

Stratum germinativum layer:

A

-Also called stratum basale-Contains hemidesmosomes that attach to the basal lamina-Basal cells divide through mitosis and replace (differentiate into) more superficial keratinocytes-Contains melanocytes (pigment cells)

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9
Q

Stratum spinosum layer:

A

-Cells pushed from stratum germinativum-Cells start to differentiate to keratinocytes, which have multiple layers, still dividing-Participate in immune response

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10
Q

Stratum granulosum layer:

A

-Darker layer because of granules inside cells-Cells pushed up from stratum spinosum-Keratinocytes of multiple layers but less now; not dividing (still alive)-Granules are made of vesicles with heratohyalin inside - helps cells further differentiate into keratin (start to dehydrate)

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11
Q

Stratum lucidum layer:

A

-Not always there; thick skin has it (hands/feet), thin skin does not-covers stratum granulosum-flattened and densely packed cells filled with keratin

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12
Q

How can peel off sheets of skin when you get sunburnt?

A

The dead cells in each layer of the stratum corneum are tightly connected by desmosomes

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13
Q

Stratum corneum layer:

A

-Most superficial-15-30 layers of keratinized cells, tightly connected with desmosomes-Important for water retention-Karatinization (or cornification) is the hardening of cells

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14
Q

Papillary layer:

A

-Consists of areolar tissue-Contains capillaries, lymphatics, sensory neurons

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15
Q

Reticular layer:

A

-Dense irregular connective tissue-stretchy but tough-elastin + collagen fibers

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16
Q

Hypodermis (or superficial fascia or subcutaneous layer):

A

-Consists of areolar and adipose tissues-Lots of blood vessels

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17
Q

Origins of…EpidermisDermis Hypodermis

A

-Epidermis: ectodermal - stratified squamous epithelium-Dermis: mesodermal - collagen, elastic fibers, papillary layer, and reticular layer-Hypodermis: mesodermal

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18
Q

Hair is what kind of structure?

A

accessory

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19
Q

The hair follicle surrounds what?

A

The hair itself

20
Q

The hair grows from…

A

the hair bulb

21
Q

The hair papilla contains:

A

VasculatureInnervation

22
Q

The tip of the hair papilla is…

A

The hair matrix

23
Q

Where in the hair are the germinative cells located?

A

The hair matrix

24
Q

Layers of the hair (from inner to outer):

A

Medulla of hairCortex of hairCuticle of hair

25
Q

The hair root stops and the hair shaft usually begins where…

A

you find the sebaceous gland

26
Q

When arrector pili contracts, what happens?

A

-It pulls the follicle and forces the hair to stand erect (goose bumps too)-Squeezes lipids and oily fluids out of sebaceous gland and go onto hair

27
Q

Nerves and blood vessels go into/out of what part of the hair?

A

The hair papilla

28
Q

In comparison to the layers of epidermis, the matrix of the hair is the “same” as…

A

The stratum germinativum (basale)

29
Q

The waxy, protective layer on the outside of your hair is…

A

the cuticle

30
Q

After the cuticle of the hair, the next outer portion is…

A

the hair follicle (not part of the hair)

31
Q

The external root sheath:

A

an extension of the epidermis

32
Q

After the external root sheath, the next outer portion is the…

A

glassy membrane

33
Q

The glassy membrane is the derivative of…

A

the basal lamina

34
Q

Concerning a basal lamina connected to epithelial tissue, what’s on the other side?

A

connective tissue

35
Q

Inner part of the nail that is “buried” in your tissues is…

A

the nail root

36
Q

The nail is germinating (growing) from…

A

the nail matrix

37
Q

The white crescent part at the base of your nail is called…

A

the lunula

38
Q

The lunula is white because…

A

no blood vessels

39
Q

The eponychium and hyponychium are really just extensions of…

A

stratum corneum

40
Q

The “cuticle” of your nail is called

A

the eponychium

41
Q

The technical term for sweat glands is…

A

sudoriferous glands

42
Q

2 basic types of sudoriferous (sweat) glands and description:

A

Eccrine/merocrine sweat glands: merocrine secretion method; regular sweat/perspirationApocrine sweat glands: merocrine secretion method; develops in combination with hair follicles of armpit, around nipples and pubic

43
Q

Mammary glands:

A

-“Modified” sweat glands-Apocrine secretion method

44
Q

Sebaceous glands:

A

-Holocrine secretion method-Associated with hair follicle

45
Q

Sebaceous follicle:

A

Collection of sebaceous glands which are not associated with hair follicles

46
Q

Ceruminous glands:

A

-Modified sweat gland inside the ear-Secrete cerumen (earwax)

47
Q

Where are the germinative cells in the hair located?

A

hair matrix

Bio 223 Midterm/Practical 1 (12 decks)

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