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BIOL 2410 > Lecture 3 & 4: Cell Membrane > Flashcards

Lecture 3 & 4: Cell Membrane Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 functions of cell membranes

A

1) Physical barrier (Separates ICF from ECF)
2) Gateway for exchange
3) Communication
4) Cell structure

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2
Q

Define the structure of cell membranes

A

a fluid mosaic model has phospholipid bilayers, proteins embedded on it and presence of sterols.
mostly made up of proteins and lipids

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3
Q

What are the four component molecules of cell membranes

A

1) Phospholipids
2) cholesterol
3) Sphingolipids
4) Proteins

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4
Q

What does cholesterol do in the cell membrane component molecules

A

slips between the fatty acid tails and maintains fluidity and slows down diffusion

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5
Q

Sphingolipids typically form what

A

a lipid raft

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6
Q

Define the two types of proteins

A

a) Integral = embedded proteins, three types, monotopic, biotypic and polytypic
b) Peripheral = attached to one of the sides by non covalent bonds

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7
Q

Define Diffusion

A

The movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to low concentration, down the concentration gradient

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8
Q

Diffusion is faster when

A

1) High temp
2) Short distances
3) Small molecules

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9
Q

Diffusion is slow when `

A

crossing the plasma membrane

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10
Q

What are the 5 things diffusion across a membrane depends on

A

1) Type of molecule
2) Concentration Gradient (^)
3) Surface area (^)
4) Temperature (^)
5) Composition of membrane (presence of cholesterol = (down)

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11
Q

Does division require atp?

A

No

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12
Q

When does Diffusion stop

A

until equilibrium is reached

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13
Q

What kind of time relationship does diffusion have

A

Distance squared

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14
Q

What two types of solutes can go through a cell membrane easily

A

hydrophobic, non polar

Small uncharged polar molecules

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15
Q

What is Ficks Law

A

A law of diffusion

Rate of division = Surface area X Concentration gradient X Membrane permeability

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16
Q

What is the formula for membrane permeability

A

Membrane permeability = Lipid solubility /

Molecule size

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17
Q

Define osmosis

A

The diffusion of water

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18
Q

Movement of water can cause what kind of pressure

A

osmotic pressure

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19
Q

What is the Normal Physiological concentrations of salts in the Extracellular membrane

A 
K+ = 5mM
Na+ = 145mM
Cl- = 108 mM
Ca2+ = 1mM
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20
Q

What is the normal physiological concentrations of salts in the Intracellular Membrane

A

K+ = 150mM
Na+ 15mM
Cl- = 5mM
Ca2+ = 0.0001 mM

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21
Q

Define isosmotic

A

Same

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22
Q

Define hyperosmotic

A

More osmolarity

23
Q

Define Hyposomotic

A

Less osmolarity

24
Q

Osmolarity can cause cells to ____ or ____

A

Shrink or Swell

25
Q

In Hypertonic solution cells ______

A

Shrink

26
Q

In Hypotonic solutions cells ____

A

Swell

27
Q

Define tonicity

A

Is a comparative term , describes whether a cell changes volume (has no units)

28
Q

What does Tonicity specifically tell us

A

If a cell swells or shrinks

29
Q

Tonicity depends on both ____ and _____ solutes

A

penetrating and nonpenetrating solutes

30
Q

Define protein-mediated transport

A

The movement of solutes across a membrane by proteins

31
Q

The ICF has ?/3 of total body comp

A

2/3

32
Q

The ECF has ?/3 of total body comp

A

1/3

33
Q

What is a channel protein

A

a water filled pore with a hole in the middle, open to both the ECF and ICF

34
Q

What are the two types of Channel proteins

A 
Gated channels ( one side is closed until binding)
Open channels, always open (typically leakage channels
35
Q

True or False; Carrier proteins always form an open channel between the two sides of the membrane

A

False, Never

36
Q

Define the process of carrier proteins

A

1) Passage open to one side
2) Molecule goes in
3) Transition state with both gates closed
4) Passage opens to other side
5) Gate to original side is closed
6) Molecule fucks off

37
Q

what are the three types of carrier proteins

A

1) Uniport carriers - move 1 thing at a time
2) Symport carriers - moving two things in same direction at one time
3) Antiport carriers - moving 2 things in different directions at one time

38
Q

What are the three energy requirement needed for carrier proteins

A

1) Faciliated diffusion
2) Primary active transport
3) Secondary active transport

39
Q

Define facilitated diffusion

What is another name of it

A

As moving a molecule across the membrane via a carrier protein
Passive transport

40
Q

Does facilitated diffusion require ATP?

A

No

41
Q

Is Facilitated diffusion up or down the concentration gradient?

A

down

42
Q

Does Primary active transport use ATP and what does it do regarding gradients?

A

Yes establishes

43
Q

What is primary active transport commonly called

A

pumps

44
Q

What is the most widely known example of primary active transport

A

Na+/K+/ATPase

45
Q

At rest, the human body produces about how many watts of energy

A

100 watts

46
Q

The Na+/K+/ATPase in the CNS accounts for how many watts of produced energy at rest

A

20 watts

47
Q

Secondary active transport is known as, does it use ATP?

A

Active transport, does not directly utilize atp as a source of energy

48
Q

Secondary active transports use what to move a molecule

A

Uses the concentration gradient of one molecule to move another against its gradient

49
Q

What is a good example of a secondary active transporter

A

SGLT or Na+ glucose secondary

50
Q

Epithelial transport utilizes what forms of transport

A

facilitated diffusion

primary and secondary active transport

51
Q

What are the three types of vesicular transport

A

Phagocytoses
Endocytosis
Exocytosis

52
Q

Define Phagocytoses

A

Cell engulfing a bacterium or other particles into a large membrane bound vesicle called PHAGOSOME

53
Q

Define Endocytosis

A

Large molecules move into the cells

54
Q

Define Exocytosis

A

Intracellular vesicles move to the cell membrane, fuse with it and then release contents into the ECF

BIOL 2410 (11 decks)

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